Government of Marián Čalfa I

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The Marián Čalfa I government was in office from December 10, 1989 to June 27, 1990 (resigned). It followed the Ladislav Adamec government and was replaced by the Marián Čalfa II government .

The Marián Čalfa I government, led by Prime Minister Marián Čalfa , marked a turning point in the history of Czechoslovakia . It was the last government of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic , as the country was officially called since 1960, and also the first government of the new federation, the Czechoslovak Federative Republic , which was formed on March 29, 1990 , which became the Czech and Slovak Federatives on April 22, 1990 Republic was renamed.

Immediately after the appointment of the Čalfa I government (sometimes also called “Vláda národního porozumění” - government of national understanding -) by the President Gustáv Husák , the latter resigned from his post: it was his last official act.

Government formation, program

After Ladislav Adamec , who headed the Ladislav Adamec government from October 12, 1988, personally resigned as Prime Minister on December 7, 1989 in the course of the social events during the so-called Velvet Revolution of 1989, Marián Čalfa was entrusted with the provisional continuation of the official business . Finally, on December 10, the last official act of the then President Gustáv Husák , who resigned immediately afterwards, set up a new government, the government of Marián Čalfa I.

In contrast to the previous decades, the government was not composed of the Národní fronta unified list - Čalfa tried to find a historical compromise and appointed more non-communist than communist ministers, which undermined the supremacy of the communist party enshrined in the Czechoslovak constitution. After the attempt to reshuffle the government of the predecessor Adamec on December 3, 1989 found no public support and led to protests (15 communist, 5 non-communist ministers), Čalfa's selection of ministers (10 to 11) was accepted as an appropriate option. The newly formed democratic movements such as Občanské fórum (Citizens' Forum) and Verejnosť proti násiliu (Public Against Violence) did not have a numerical majority in Čalfa's first government, but their representatives headed some key ministries and were among the most popular politicians of the time: the journalist Jiří Dienstbier (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), union activist Petr Miller (Labor and Social Affairs) or Valtr Komárek and Ján Čarnogurský (both deputy prime ministers).

The main task of the government was to prepare for the first democratic elections after 1948. As early as January 23, 1990, a law on political parties was passed, which made the emergence of a modern, pluralistic political system possible and the establishment of new parties and groups. On February 27, 1990, a new electoral law was passed that introduced proportional representation ; at the same time a two-year term of office was provided and the drafting of a new constitution was named as the main goal. The elections took place on 8./9. June 1990.

Čalfa resigned with his government on June 27, 1990.

Government composition

The ministers were in office throughout the regular term of office (December 10, 1989 to June 27, 1990) unless otherwise stated.

Party affiliation

The Marián Čalfa I government was the first government after the Communist seizure of power in 1948 in which the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia did not have an absolute majority. The 21 cabinet members from the following parties:

  • KSČ (Communist Party of Czechoslovakia) - 10 cabinet members
  • ČSS (Czechoslovak Socialist Party) - 2 cabinet members
  • ČSL (1989: Czechoslovak People's Party) 2 cabinet members
  • 7 non-party cabinet members

Governments of the constituent republics

Parallel to the government of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the two partial republics ( Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic , both only from 1969) also had their own government:

Remarks

  1. ↑ For this reason, the provisional government of Marián Čalfa, which lasted only four days (from December 7, 1989 to December 10, 1989) is regarded as an independent government, which then changes the numbering of all Čalfa governments; In the overview on the server of the government of the Czech Republic, however, the term of office of Ladislav Adamec is clearly stated until December 10, 1989 (cf. Vláda Ladislava Adamce (October 12, 1988-10 December 1989 ) , online at: vlada.cz/. ../24622 )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Vláda národního porozumění (prosinec 1989 - červen 1990) , Report on the Government of Marián Čalfa I, server of the Government of the Czech Republic, online at: vlada.cz/...65374
  2. ↑ a b 9. vláda ČSFR , minutes of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, minutes of the Federal Assembly 1990-1992, government, online at: psp.cz / ...
  3. ^ Website of the Government of the Czech Republic, Overview of the Government of Marián Čalfa I, on: vlada.cz/...24628

See also

Web links

  • Programové prohlášení vlády (government declaration) of 19.12.1989, online at: vlada.cz/assets / ... (Slovak)
  • Od Pražského jara do Revoluce 1989 , on: vlada.cz/assets / ... , website of the Government of the Czech Republic, History of the Office of the Government, Czech