Government of Marián Čalfa I
The Marián Čalfa I government was in office from December 10, 1989 to June 27, 1990 (resigned). It followed the Ladislav Adamec government and was replaced by the Marián Čalfa II government .
The Marián Čalfa I government, led by Prime Minister Marián Čalfa , marked a turning point in the history of Czechoslovakia . It was the last government of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic , as the country was officially called since 1960, and also the first government of the new federation, the Czechoslovak Federative Republic , which was formed on March 29, 1990 , which became the Czech and Slovak Federatives on April 22, 1990 Republic was renamed.
Immediately after the appointment of the Čalfa I government (sometimes also called “Vláda národního porozumění” - government of national understanding -) by the President Gustáv Husák , the latter resigned from his post: it was his last official act.
Government formation, program
After Ladislav Adamec , who headed the Ladislav Adamec government from October 12, 1988, personally resigned as Prime Minister on December 7, 1989 in the course of the social events during the so-called Velvet Revolution of 1989, Marián Čalfa was entrusted with the provisional continuation of the official business . Finally, on December 10, the last official act of the then President Gustáv Husák , who resigned immediately afterwards, set up a new government, the government of Marián Čalfa I.
In contrast to the previous decades, the government was not composed of the Národní fronta unified list - Čalfa tried to find a historical compromise and appointed more non-communist than communist ministers, which undermined the supremacy of the communist party enshrined in the Czechoslovak constitution. After the attempt to reshuffle the government of the predecessor Adamec on December 3, 1989 found no public support and led to protests (15 communist, 5 non-communist ministers), Čalfa's selection of ministers (10 to 11) was accepted as an appropriate option. The newly formed democratic movements such as Občanské fórum (Citizens' Forum) and Verejnosť proti násiliu (Public Against Violence) did not have a numerical majority in Čalfa's first government, but their representatives headed some key ministries and were among the most popular politicians of the time: the journalist Jiří Dienstbier (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), union activist Petr Miller (Labor and Social Affairs) or Valtr Komárek and Ján Čarnogurský (both deputy prime ministers).
The main task of the government was to prepare for the first democratic elections after 1948. As early as January 23, 1990, a law on political parties was passed, which made the emergence of a modern, pluralistic political system possible and the establishment of new parties and groups. On February 27, 1990, a new electoral law was passed that introduced proportional representation ; at the same time a two-year term of office was provided and the drafting of a new constitution was named as the main goal. The elections took place on 8./9. June 1990.
Čalfa resigned with his government on June 27, 1990.
Government composition
The ministers were in office throughout the regular term of office (December 10, 1989 to June 27, 1990) unless otherwise stated.
- Prime Minister: Marián Čalfa
- first deputy prime minister:
- Ján Čarnogurský (December 10, 1989 - April 6, 1990)
- Valtr Komárek (December 10, 1989 - April 6, 1990)
- Deputy Prime Minister:
- Vladimír Dlouhý
- Josef Hromádka
- Oldřich Burský (December 10th, 1989 - April 6th, 1990)
- František Reichel (December 10, 1989 - April 6, 1990)
- František Pitra (December 10, 1989 - February 13, 1990)
- Petr Pithart (February 13, 1990 - June 27, 1990)
- Milan Čič (February 13, 1990 - June 27, 1990)
- Ján Čarnogurský (6.4.1990 - 27.6.1990)
- Valtr Komárek (6.4.1990 - 27.6.1990)
- Jiří Dienstbier (6.4.1990 - 27.6.1990)
- Armin Delong (April 6, 1990 - June 27, 1990)
- Václav Valeš (6.4.1990 - 27.6.1990)
- Foreign Minister: Jiří Dienstbier
- Defense Minister: Miroslav Vacek
- Interior Minister:
- Marián Čalfa (December 10th, 1989 - December 30th, 1990, together with Ján Čarnogurský and Valtr Komárek)
- Ján Čarnogurský (10.12.1989 - 30.12.1990, together with Marián Čalfa and Valtr Komárek)
- Valtr Komárek (December 10, 1989 - December 30, 1990, together with Ján Čarnogurský and Marián Čalfa)
- Richard Sacher (December 30th, 1989 - June 27th, 1990)
- Finance Minister: Václav Klaus
- Minister of Labor and Social Affairs: Petr Miller
- Foreign Trade Minister: Andrej Barčák jr.
- Transport Minister: František Podlena
- Minister for Fuels and Energy:
- František Pinc (December 10, 1989 - February 13, 1990)
- Jaroslav Sůva (February 13, 1990 - June 27, 1990)
- Minister for Metallurgy, Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering:
- Ladislav Vodrážka (December 10, 1989 - February 13, 1990)
- Slavomír Stračár (February 13, 1990 - June 27, 1990)
- Minister for Technical and Investment Development:
- Minister for Agriculture and Food:
- Oldřich Burský (7.4.1990 - 27.6.1990, together with Rudolf Kutnar)
- Rudolf Kutnar (May 12, 1990 - June 27, 1990, together with Oldřich Burský)
- Minister for Post and Telecommunications: Róbert Martinko (13.2.1990 - 27.6.1990, acting)
- Minister in charge of the Federal Price Office: Ladislav Dvořák
- Chairman of the State Planning Commission: Vladimír Dlouhý
- Chairman of the People's Control Committee: Květoslava Kořínková
- Chairman of the State Commission for Scientific, Technical and Investment Development:
- František Reichel (December 10, 1989 - April 6, 1990)
- Armin Delong (April 6, 1990 - June 27, 1990)
- Ministers without portfolio:
- Richard Sacher (December 10th, 1989 - December 30th, 1989)
- Róbert Martinko (December 10th, 1989 - February 13th, 1990)
- Vladimír Príkazský (February 13, 1990 - June 27, 1990)
- Karel Havlík (May 11, 1990 - June 27, 1990)
Party affiliation
The Marián Čalfa I government was the first government after the Communist seizure of power in 1948 in which the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia did not have an absolute majority. The 21 cabinet members from the following parties:
- KSČ (Communist Party of Czechoslovakia) - 10 cabinet members
- ČSS (Czechoslovak Socialist Party) - 2 cabinet members
- ČSL (1989: Czechoslovak People's Party) 2 cabinet members
- 7 non-party cabinet members
Governments of the constituent republics
Parallel to the government of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the two partial republics ( Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic , both only from 1969) also had their own government:
- Czech Socialist Republic: Government Josef Korčák V, Ladislav Adamec, František Pitra and Petr Pithart (June 18, 1986 - June 29, 1990)
- Slovak Socialist Republic: Government of Peter Colotka IV, Ivan Knotek and Pavol Hrivnák (June 18, 1986 - December 8, 1989)
Remarks
- ↑ For this reason, the provisional government of Marián Čalfa, which lasted only four days (from December 7, 1989 to December 10, 1989) is regarded as an independent government, which then changes the numbering of all Čalfa governments; In the overview on the server of the government of the Czech Republic, however, the term of office of Ladislav Adamec is clearly stated until December 10, 1989 (cf. Vláda Ladislava Adamce (October 12, 1988-10 December 1989 ) , online at: vlada.cz/. ../24622 )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Vláda národního porozumění (prosinec 1989 - červen 1990) , Report on the Government of Marián Čalfa I, server of the Government of the Czech Republic, online at: vlada.cz/...65374
- ↑ a b 9. vláda ČSFR , minutes of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, minutes of the Federal Assembly 1990-1992, government, online at: psp.cz / ...
- ^ Website of the Government of the Czech Republic, Overview of the Government of Marián Čalfa I, on: vlada.cz/...24628
See also
Web links
- Programové prohlášení vlády (government declaration) of 19.12.1989, online at: vlada.cz/assets / ... (Slovak)
- Od Pražského jara do Revoluce 1989 , on: vlada.cz/assets / ... , website of the Government of the Czech Republic, History of the Office of the Government, Czech