Governments of Czechoslovakia

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The governments of Czechoslovakia listed here represent an overview of all governments that were in office on the territory of the former Czechoslovakia from October 1918 (creation of the country) to December 1992 (division of the country on January 1, 1993) .

Although it could appear questionable from a constitutional point of view, for the sake of completeness, due to the complicated history of the country, those governments are also listed that cannot invoke the rule of law - the historical aspects were given priority here. This applies not only to the area of ​​the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the Slovak State , but also to the governments of the autonomous Slovakia and the Carpathian Ukraine , which belonged to Czechoslovakia with interruptions (from November 2, 1938 to autumn 1944) (as Carpathian Russia or Podkarpatská Rus ) and only finally became part of the Soviet Union through a treaty between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union of June 29, 1945, which came into force on January 30, 1946.

Also included are the governments of the sub-republics (Czech Socialist Republic or Czech Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic or Slovak Republic) 1969–1992, but not the governments of these independent states, some of which have the same name, after January 1, 1993.

Periodization

Czechoslovakia 1918–1938

This period refers to the time from the establishment of Czechoslovakia in October 1918 until the German troops marched into the Sudetenland on October 1, 1938 as a result of the Munich Agreement .
During this period there were 4 general elections, 10 prime ministers ruled and 19 governments.

Czecho-Slovakia 1938–1939

This period, also known as the so-called Second (Czechoslovak) Republic, covers the period from October 1, 1938 to March 14, 1939, after the country was partially occupied.

After the loss of the Sudetenland , Slovakia and Carpathian Ukraine proclaimed their autonomy in October; on November 22nd, 1938 the parliament of Czecho-Slovakia passed the Constitutional Law č. 299/1938 Coll. On the autonomy of the Slovak state and the Constitutional Law 329/1938 Coll. On the autonomy of Carpathian Ukraine (Carpathian Russia) adopted; the area was officially renamed on November 17th from Transcarpathian Russia (Czech: Podkarpatská Rus) to Carpathian Ukraine (Czech: Karpatská Ukrajina).

The state has thus assumed a federal form. Even before the autonomy laws came into force, both parts of the country proclaimed their autonomy (which they had already been granted in 1919), the Slovak and Carpathian-Ukrainian governments were formed, while the previous Czech-Slovak government had the form of a government for the Czech countries. The following governments were in this area.

  • Czech countries: 2 prime ministers and 2 governments
  • Slovakia: 3 prime ministers and 5 governments
  • Carpathian Ukraine: 2 prime ministers and 4 governments
The Second World War

The country no longer belongs together, the individual parts of the country have their own governments, and a government in exile that is retrospectively recognized as legitimate claims the continuity of the original state.

  • Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia ( Protektorát Čechy a Morava ): This period begins on 15/16. March 1939, after the German troops occupied the rest of the territory of the Czecho-Slovak Republic (the so-called smashing of the rest of the Czech Republic ), and ends in the spring of 1945 with the progressive liberation and the installation of a new (provisional) government in Košice. There were 4 prime ministers and 4 governments
  • The Slovak State (later also Slovakia): Slovakia proclaimed its independence on March 14, 1939, which also existed until spring 1945 (installation of a new government in Košice). There were 3 prime ministers and 3 governments.
  • The independent Carpathian Ukraine, also the Republic of Carpathian Ukraine: On March 15, 1939, the Carpathian Ukraine also proclaimed its independence, but was immediately annexed by Hungary. There was 1 prime minister and 1 government.
  • The government in exile: the forerunner of the government in exile that worked in London during the war and was internationally recognized are the Czechoslovak National Committee (Paris, 1939). The government-in-exile, based in London, was in office from July 21, 1940 to April 5, 1945.
Czechoslovakia 1945–1948

This period, the immediate post-war period, is associated with a free bourgeois democracy. It ends with the Communist takeover in February 1948 . It consists of 2 prime ministers and 3 governments.

The Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960)

In the first phase after the communist seizure of power, in which the dominance of the communist party was consolidated, the country was ruled centrally. There were 3 prime ministers and 4 governments.

The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 1960–1990

On July 11, 1960, the state received a new "socialist" constitution and, as a result, a new name. As one of the few changes envisaged during the Prague Spring , the state was transformed into a federal republic on January 1, 1969, with the addition of a central government, the Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic having their own governments. The following governments were in office:

  • Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (with one central government): 6 prime ministers and 14 governments
  • Czech Socialist Republic : 6 prime ministers and 6 governments
  • Slovak Socialist Republic : 5 prime ministers and 6 governments
The Czech and Slovak Federal Republic 1990–1992

The Czechoslovak Federal Republic was established on March 29, 1990 and was renamed the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic on April 22, 1990 . In addition to the central government, both states had their own government. On January 1, 1993, this republic split into the independent states of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. The following governments were in office:

  • Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (with one central government): 2 prime ministers and 3 governments
  • Czech Republic : 5 prime ministers and 3 governments
  • Slovak Republic : 3 prime ministers and 4 governments

Governments during the Czechoslovak Republic 1918–1938

Governments during the Czecho-Slovak Republic 1938–1939

Czecho-Slovakia (central government)

Slovakia
Carpathian Ukraine

Governments during World War II

Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Slovak state
The Republic of Carpathian Ukraine
The government in exile

Governments during the Czechoslovak Republic 1945–1948

Governments of the Czechoslovak Republic 1948–1960

Governments of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 1960–1990

Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Czech Socialist Republic (Partial Republic, 1969–1990)
Slovak Socialist Republic (partial republic, 1969–1990)

Governments of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic 1990–1992

Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
Czech Republic (partial republic)
Slovak Republic (partial republic)

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b Some of the governments served as governments of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (or its sub-republics) and the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (or their sub-republics) as well as the governments of the independent successor states of the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic after 1 January 1993; therefore, double counting occurs.
  2. ↑ The legally enshrined autonomy of Slovakia (Law 299/1938, text online ) and the Carpathian Ukraine (Law 328/1938, text online ) established two autonomous governments for these two parts of the country; the so-called "Czech Lands" (part of the country consisting of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia) did not receive their own government and were administered by the Czech-Slovak central government in Prague, which also took on some tasks for the entire state (such as foreign policy, defense, etc.).
  3. ↑ a b The last government of pre-war Czechoslovakia , the government of Rudolf Beran I (1.12.1938 - 15.3.1939), continued its official business after the occupation of the country by the Wehrmacht as the first government of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , the government Rudolf Beran II (March 16, 1939 - April 27, 1939), gone; in official sources, including the documents of the government of the Czech Republic, the governments are treated as two separate governments ( cf.vlada.cz/...(= Beran I) and vlada.cz/...(= Beran II ) ), although other sources simply write about the "Rudolf Beran government". The official two-government version is adopted here.
  4. ↑ a b The date 9/27/1969 given in some sources, including on the government server quoted here, is an obvious error.
  5. ↑ a b This government served as the government of both the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic and the Czech and Slovak Republics from March 6, 1990
  6. ↑ a b This government functioned as both the government of the Czech Socialist Republic and the Czech Republic from March 6, 1990
  7. ↑ a b This government functioned as both the Slovak Socialist Republic and the Slovak Republic from March 6, 1990
  8. ↑ This government functioned both as the government of the Czech Republic within the Federation and the independent Czech Republic from January 1, 1993
  9. ↑ This government functioned both as the government of the Slovak Republic within the Federation and the independent Slovak Republic from January 1, 1993

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The State Treaty (so-called minority treaty) of Saint-Germain-en-Laye between four allied powers USA, United Kingdom, France and Japan on the one hand and Czechoslovakia of September 10, 1919, as Law 508/1921 Sb., Online; forum.valka.cz , in Czech, in which Article 53 of the Treaty of Saint-Germain was specified, online on Wikisource, State Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye , both accessed on July 16, 2011
  2. ↑ Order 186/1946 Sb. (Treaty on Carpathian Ukraine) of June 29, 1945, online at: www.zakonyprolidi.cz , Czech / Slovak, accessed on July 16, 2011
  3. ↑ Ústavní zákon o autonomii Slovenské země 299/1938 Sb., Adopted on November 22, 1938, valid from November 23, 1938, online at: cs.wikisource.org , Slovak, accessed on July 16, 2011
  4. ↑ Ústavní zákon o autonomii Podkarpatské Rusi 329/1938 Sb., Adopted November 22, 1938, valid from December 16, 1938, online at: cs.wikisource.org , Czech, accessed July 16, 2011

swell

  • Website of the Government of the Czech Republic, Overview of Governments since 1918, online at: vlada.cz/.../prehled-vlad-cr ,
  • Website of the Government of the Czech Republic, History of the Office of the Government, online at: vlada.cz/.../historie ,

See also