Rich tone

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The portrait of Walther von der Vogelweides in the Codex Manesse, inspired by the imperial tone (around 1300 to 1340)

Reichston is the name of a famous stanza melody, i.e. a tone , in the repertoire of the Middle High German poet Walther von der Vogelweide . The three political slogan verses that Walther 1198-1201 (partly perhaps later) wrote in this tone, the so-called Empire sayings are therefore also shortened as Reichston referred.

Structure and description

The three stanzas in imperial tone are mainly known under their respective opening lines:

  • Ich saz ûf eime stones ('I sat on a stone' - Reichsklage; L. 8,4)
  • I heard diu (or: a ) wazzer diezen ('I heard the [or:' a '] water rushing' - Weltklage; L. 8,28)
  • I sach mit mînen ougen ('I saw with my eyes' - Church complaint ; L. 9,16)

The Reichston stanzas are political expressions of the dispute raging around 1200 about the succession to the throne between the Staufer Philip of Swabia and the Guelph Otto IV. They take a stand for Philip and against papal interventions. However, they do not form a coherent “song”, but rather a loose series of stanzas or verses, which are held together by contextual references, and were probably not created simultaneously.

The well-known first saying, Ich saz ûf eime steine , brings a general complaint about the legal uncertainty of the time, which could only be improved by a strong royalty, and therefore cannot be precisely dated. This general statement can also be added to the two sayings with specific current topics. Only the second saying, Ich hôrte diu wazzer diezen , can be well dated , as it must have been written in 1198 (before Philip's coronation on September 8th). The third saying, Ich sach mit mînen ougen , was probably created on the occasion of Philip's banishment in 1201. It is discussed which monarchs are meant by the "two deceived kings" in Ich sach with mînen ougen :

  1. The prevailing doctrine assumes that Walther meant Philipp von Schwaben and Otto IV .
  2. Others assume Philip as the German king and the young Frederick as king of Sicily, both of whom were betrayed by the Pope's position on behalf of Otto IV, whom Walther - according to the proponents of this view - did not recognize as king during Philip's lifetime .
  3. According to a third view, the saying was created ten years later, and the two "deceived kings" would therefore be Otto IV and Friedrich II, Pope Innocent III. After Philip's death (1208) Otto had crowned Emperor in 1209, but changed his mind as early as 1211 and instead took a stand for Friedrich. This interpretation is the least likely, since characterizing the Pope as "too young" only makes sense soon after he took office (1198).

Walther's author pictures in Codex Manesse and in the Kleine Heidelberger Liederhandschrift refer to the receipt of the so-called 'first' saying ( Ich saz ûf eime stones ).

First verdict (Reichsklage)

The first and second Reich saying in the edition of the Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft (Darmstadt 1972)
Continuation of the second saying and beginning of the third
Continuation of the third Reich verdict

I sit a stone
and behind it leg with legs,
then I put my elbow;
I smooched in mîne hant,
mîn kinne and a mîn cheek.
dô I would have thought to myself
what one should live between worlds;
I gave
you advice on how to acquire driu dinc that
will not perish deheinez.
the two are êre and varnde guot,
daz thick one does harm to one another;
the third is gotes hulde, that
of two overgulde.
I would like to have them in a shrine.
yes, unfortunately, des enmac niht sîn,
daz guot and worldly êre
and gotes hulde
mêre zesamene come into one heart.
Stîge und Wege are in awe;
untriuwe is in the sâze,
violence vert ûf der strâze,
fride unde reht sint sêre wunt.
The third has nothing to guide, the two are sunted.

I sat on a stone
and covered my leg with legs
on which my elbow stood;
my
chin and cheek clung to my hand .
Then I thought carefully for a long time,
according to the course of the world and earthly salvation;
but I was given no advice on
how to acquire three things
that none of them spoil.
Two things 'are honor' and temporal good that
often harm each other,
the third God's blessing,
superior to both.
I'd like to have them in a shrine.
Unfortunately, however, it may never be
that God's grace should be one in the same heart
with wealth and honor
.
You will find inhibitions everywhere;
Infidelity lies in ambush,
no way is safe from violence,
so Fried as law is deathly wounded,
and if they are not first healed, the three things will not be accompanied.

Notes: behind the past tense of cover . - 'I covered leg with leg' = 'I crossed one leg over the other'. - would mean the past tense of think . - put simple past of to put . - ange 'tight, with timid care'. - dehein 'any', but here 'none'. - who doesn’t do yours , “whose any not” = “whose none ever”. - varndiu guot 'movable (literally:' moving ') goods'. - disregard 'what is more valid (is worth)'. - mac 'can'. - des en-mac niht sîn 'that cannot be' = 'that is impossible'. - say 'ambush'. - vert 'drives' = 'pulls there'. - the two are healed 'if the two would not heal ' (subjunctive). The Saße (also Sasse) is a natural obstacle, remote between the villages in the forest or meadows, a narrowing of the path in a hollow, often with a puddle in which the travelers' wagon wheels tend to sink into the mud, especially if it had just rained. This is why thieves in particular used these sacks to attack the traveling salesmen.

Manuscript A ( Kleine Heidelberger Liederhandschrift ) serves as the guiding manuscript for this saying . Cormeau - choose leg B. Reichert prints the version deviations in the same line as the text so that you can see them immediately (in machines at the bottom of the page they are easily overlooked). The fact that this saying is referred to as the First Reich Decree is related to its popularity and the fact that it provided the template for Walther's picture in the manuscripts; but it does not mean that Walther must have composed it first. It could also have been created as the last one.

Second verdict (Weltklage)

I heard diu wazzer diezen
and sach die vische fliezen,
I sach swaz in the world was,
velt, walt, loup, rôr unde gras.
swaz fliuzet or fliuget
und bein zer erde biuget,
daz I say, unde say iu daz:
deheinez lives âne haz.
daz wilt and daz worms,
the strîtent strong storms;
The same do the birds under in,
when they have a sin: they
would be different,
they are strong.
You kiesent künege unde
knees, you sit down ande kneels.
sô wê dir, tiuschiu tongue,
wie stât dîn ordenunge,
daz nû diu mugge ir künec hât,
and daz dîn êre alsô zergât!
bekêrâ you, bekêre!
the circles sint ze hêre,
the poor arts urge you.
Philippe, sit down the wise ûf and heat it up!

I heard the rushing water
and saw the fish swim;
I saw everything that was in the world,
fields, woods, leaves, reeds and grass.
Everything that swims or flies
or bends legs earthward,
I saw that and tell you the following:
none of them lives without hatred.
The game and the worms
fight hard fights,
just like the birds do with each other,
but they are of one opinion in one respect:
they would be lost
if they did not use a strict judicial system.
They choose kings and the legal system,
they determine who should be master and who should be servant.
Therefore woe to you, German part of the empire,
what about your order!
Where every mosquito has its king,
that your honor dissolves so much.
Convert, convert!
The circles are too proud (or: overpowering),
and the poor kings press you:
Philip, put on the orphans and order them to step back!

Notes: these 'make noise '. - vliezen 'flow', also: 'swim'. - 'choose' pebbles . - worm 'worms , snakes, dragons'. - 'King of the mosquito': the eagle as king of all flying animals. - tiuschiu zunge : legal term that designates the areas in which the German language is the language of the court on the Reichstag , i.e.: 'the parts of the empire with German court language, Germany (in contrast to the Italian and French parts of the empire)'.

None of the common editions follow a key manuscript with this saying, but one weighs up from case to case between A ( Kleine Heidelberger Liederhandschrift ) and BC: B ( Weingartner Liederhandschrift ) and C ( Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift ) offer a very similar text in the imperial sayings, thus come from a common template. More BC readings are chosen here than the editions going back to Carl von Kraus . The most important BC reading in the first verse is diu wazzer instead of a wazzer (A): it does better justice to the character of the universal claim to know all the kingdoms of nature.

Third verdict (church complaint)

I talked to mînen ougen
manne and wîbe tougen, that
I heard and talked
swaz iemen tet, swaz iemen said:
ze Rôme I heard lying
and wielding two knees.
dâ from huop most of the quarrel of
the ê wart or iemer sît,
dô two
priests and each other.
dâz what a nôt before all nôt,
lîp and sêle lay dâ tôt.
the priests argue sêre,
but the leien mêre.
diu swert diu lead si dernider,
and attacked too the stôle:
si bees the si want
and not the si should.
dô one disturbed diu goteshûs.
I heard Verre unbære in a klûs
vil michel;
dâ a klôsenære wept,
he complained to gote sîniu leit:
“Owê, the bâbest is ze junc; help, hêrre, dîner kristenheit! "

With my own eyes I
secretly (invisibly) saw all men and women,
so that I could hear and see everything
that anyone did or said:
In Rome I heard lies
and two kings cheat.
From this arose the greatest dispute
ever, or ever will,
when
clerics and lay people fell apart.
That was a misfortune, bigger than any other,
because in this fight you lost body and soul at the same time.
The clergy fought hard,
but the lay people kept growing.
So they put down their swords
and took up their stoles again:
they banished those they wanted
and not the one they were supposed to.
The houses of worship were disturbed.
I heard
severe wailing in a remote hermitage;
There a hermit wept and
complained to God of his suffering:
“Alas, the Pope is too young; help, Lord, your Christianity! "

Notes: good 'secretly'. - to lead = to lay .

This saying is edited from the BC manuscripts with minor corrections from A.

literature

expenditure
Research literature
  • Thomas Bein: Walther von der Vogelweide. Reclam, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-15-017601-8 .
  • Richard Kienast : Walthers von der Vogelweide oldest saying in the 'Reichston': 'I heard a wazzer diezen'. In: Siegfried Beyschlag (Ed.): Walther von der Vogelweide (= Paths of Research , Vol. 112). Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1971, ISBN 3-534-03503-8 .
  • Marzo-Wilhelm Eric: Walther von der Vogelweide. Between poetry and propaganda. Investigations into the problem of authority and legitimation strategies of a medieval song poet (= Regensburg Contributions to German Linguistics and Literature Studies , Series B, Investigations, Vol. 70). Frankfurt am Main 1998.
  • Helmut Lomnitzer, Hans Dieter Mück : Walther von der Vogelweide. The entire tradition of the texts and melodies ( Litterae , vol. 7). Göppingen 1977, ISBN 3-87452-136-2 .
  • Hermann Reichert : Walther von der Vogelweide for beginners Third, revised edition. facultas.wuv, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-7089-0548-8 .
  • Jens Burkert: Walthers von der Vogelweide “Reichston”. A critical appraisal of the old Germanistic and historical research history (= Walther Studies , Vol. 8). Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2015. At the same time, Dissertation RWTH Aachen 2015.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reichert 2009, pp. 158f.
  2. ↑ Reichert 2009, pp. 149f.

Web links

Wikisource: Ich ſas vf eime ſeinen  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Reichston  - Collection of Images