Pure Bastine

Reiner Bastine (born September 26, 1939 in Kassel ) is a German psychologist, psychotherapist and mediator as well as emer. Professor for clinical psychology and psychotherapy at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg .

Life

After studying in Marburg and Hamburg, he obtained his diploma in psychology in Marburg in 1964. This was followed by a time as a research assistant in accident research at the University of Marburg (1964–65). From 1965 to 1973 he worked as a research assistant / councilor / senior councilor in the field of clinical and educational psychology at the University of Hamburg under Prof. Tausch; During this time he was promoted to Dr. phil. is doing his doctorate with his dissertation on “Investigations into the“ directive setting ”of teachers and construction of a questionnaire”. After various professorships in Freiburg and Heidelberg, he was appointed full professor for clinical psychology at the University of Heidelberg in 1973. Research stays in the USA followed in 1981 and 1986. a. Stanford, Berkeley, Harvard, Vanderbilt, Brigham Young.

Clinical and practical qualifications:

• 1965–70 training in client-centered psychotherapy
• 1969–71 training in behavior therapy
• 1971 Specialist psychologist for clinical psychology (BdP)
• 1989–95 family mediator (BAFM), trainer and supervisor for mediation
• 1999 approb. Psychological psychotherapist (VT), lecturer and accredited. Psychotherapy supervisor
• Management functions in professional practice and training
• Practice and research center for psychotherapy and counseling (PFPB, 1990-2004: adult psychotherapy, couples therapy, family mediation)
• Heidelberg Institute for Mediation (co-founder, since 1995)
• Center for Psychological Psychotherapy (ZPP, co-founder, since 2001)

Services

Bastine is known in Germany first through his contributions to educational psychology and the social psychology of group leadership and then from 1970 as one of the pioneers of empirical psychotherapy research and the integration of psychotherapy (the so-called cross-school approaches).

Psychotherapy integration or cross-school psychotherapy

Bastine conceived two different levels of psychotherapeutic action, which, based on the client-centered psychotherapy of Carl Rogers, are called basic therapeutic behavior and differential psychotherapy . Psychotherapy is differential in two ways, on the one hand with regard to differences between the clients (this is a conceptual basis of so-called disorder-specific psychotherapy ) and on the other hand with regard to necessary adjustments to the course of the therapeutic process (so-called adaptive indication in psychotherapy ). The integration of different psychotherapeutic approaches primarily affects the differential approach, which starts from the question of which objectives in psychotherapy are treated with which therapeutic means.

According to Bastine, the potential for the integration of various forms of psychotherapy lies in concrete psychotherapeutic action. According to this, there is extensive agreement in the concrete objectives of various forms of psychotherapy and the actions and procedures used for this. These general intervention strategies of psychotherapy are mainly developed using client-centered psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. One example is amplification , which is used to expand the client's awareness of problems and changes. This therapeutic goal can be achieved by a variety of different approaches, e.g. B. Questioning, evocative questioning, trying out new situations, conveying new experiences, offering information, role-playing and role reversal, etc. Overall, Bastine suggests the following strategies for psychotherapeutic action :

• Amplify = broadening awareness of problems and changes
• Concretize / simplify = break down complex objectives into more manageable and changeable units,
• Confront = confrontation with the difficulties while at the same time preventing evasion or avoidance,
• Self-activation = increasing personal participation in analyzing and coping with problems,
• Attributing = working out explanations for the emergence and change of problems,
• Stabilize = consolidate an achieved problem coping level.

It is assumed that these strategies characterize therapeutic action in various forms of psychotherapy, whereby different means and approaches are used to achieve the therapeutic goals.

This integrative conception was stimulated by empirical and comparative psychotherapy research (Allen E. Bergin, SL Garfield, DJ Kiesler, HB Urban, DH Ford), as well as by the client-centered (Carl Rogers, Reinhard Tausch , D. Tscheulin), cognitive-behavioral therapy ( M. Goldfried, Frederick Kanfer , Aaron T. Beck ) and systemic-strategic psychotherapy ( Paul Watzlawick , Jay Haley , Jürgen Kriz ). Bastine later added four therapeutic processes to this concept, which are generally responsible for the therapeutic change processes in clients, namely emotion processing, cognitive processing, competence expansion and self-acceptance.

Clinical Psychology

In the two-volume textbook “Clinical Psychology” Bastine developed a comprehensive perspective on clinical psychology. He achieved this through four fundamental contributions:

• First, in addition to mental disorders, the psychological aspects of physical disorders and psychological crises were named as the three subject areas of clinical psychology (which at the same time address the connections to neighboring disciplines such as health psychology, psychosomatic medicine, behavioral medicine or stress research).
• Second, mental disorders are viewed from a developmental perspective that starts from the causative (predisposing, disposing, triggering and maintaining) conditions and extends into and beyond the therapeutic change process.
• Thirdly, the perspective of clinical-psychological intervention was expanded beyond psychotherapy so that counseling, other treatment methods and prevention are also included.
• Fourth, Bastine showed that General Clinical Psychology has to deal with the basic assumptions about the subjects, structures, theories, methodologies and methodologies of the subject. "General" is used in the sense of overarching or generic, not as a primary reference to general psychology, as this is compared to other psychological subjects such as psychology. B. social psychology, biopsychology, personality psychology, developmental psychology, etc. in no way has a prominent position. The task of general clinical psychology is the conceptual foundation of the central topics of the subject, i.e. the definition of clinical-psychological phenomena, the explanation of their development and causation (etiopathogenesis), their classification, diagnosis and intervention (prevention, therapy, rehabilitation). With this conception of General Clinical Psychology , Bastine has designed a new model for the subject. This meta-perspective counteracts its increasing fragmentation, which is threatened on the one hand by the various theoretical systems ( psychoanalysis , behavior therapy , client-centered psychotherapy , cognitive behavioral therapy , gestalt therapy , etc.), and on the other by the explosive differentiation of disorder-specific approaches. Compared to General Clinical Psychology, the disorder-specific approaches are assigned to the additional “Special Clinical Psychology”. Bastine (1998) postulates six central content and methodological features of general clinical psychology:
• the psychological perspective as the central guideline of the knowledge interest,
• embedding psychological problems in biological and social contexts,
• the development perspective (especially as the tension between change and stability as well as the "clinical psychology of the life span"),
• the normative orientation,
• the conception of clinical-psychological causal relationships as principally complex and dynamic (as a structure of effects or causal networks ) and finally
• no one-sided, but rather plural methodological empirical orientation of the subject.

Mediation

Bastine has been one of the pioneers in mediation in Germany since the early 1990s. His contributions lie in various areas, for example in their theoretical foundation, their establishment in practice, in training and further education as well as the evaluation and empirical research of mediation. Numerous publications have emerged, including the two "classic" mediation books Divorce Without Losers (2002) and Mediation: From Conflict to Solution (2012), which were written with the US co-founder of mediation John M. Haynes and others. Bastine's work focuses on understanding the psychological dynamics of social conflicts and the consequences that can be drawn from them for mediation as a mediation process. Mediation is seen as an important contribution to the prevention of serious relationship problems and the development of mental disorders. In addition, Bastine is one of the few in German-speaking countries who have empirically researched family mediation and examined its distribution and handling in practice.

Fonts

• (with A. Linsenhoff and D. Kommer): Cross-school perspectives in psychotherapy. In: Integrativeherapie , 4 (1980), pp. 302-322.
• (as editor together with P. Fiedler, K. Grawe, St. Schmidtchen and G. Sommer): Basic concepts of psychotherapy. Edition Psychology, Weinheim 1982.
• Psychotherapy integration. Development and status. In: A. Schorr (Hrsg.): Psychologie mid-80s. Deutscher Psychologen-Verlag, Bonn 1986, pp. 232–244.
• My apprenticeship years in Hamburg. In: I. Langer (Ed.): Humanity and Science. Festschrift for the 80th birthday of Reinhard Tausch. Cologne 2001, pp. 63-67.
• (together with L. Ripke): Mediation in the family system. In: G. Falk, P. Heintel, EE Krainz (eds.): Handbook Mediation and Conflict Management. Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2004, pp. 131–145.
• Mediation. In: Ch. Steinebach (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Beratung. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2006, pp. 526-536.

literature

• A. Auckenthaler, M. Behr et al .: Reiner Bastine on his 60th birthday. In: Discussion psychotherapy and person-centered counseling , 30 (1999), p. 159 f.
• D. Köhn, H. Vogel (Ed.): Reiner Bastine to honor. (as main topic) In: Behavior Therapy and Psychosoziale Praxis , 38 (2006), pp. 261–336.

Web links

• Reiner Bastine on the institute homepage
• Literature by and about Reiner Bastine in the catalog of the German National Library

Individual evidence

1. ^ University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Psychology, Reiner Bastine's curriculum
2. ↑ Bastine, R., Charlton, M., Grässner, D. & Schwärzel, W. (1969). Construction of a “questionnaire for directive attitudes” by teachers (FDE). Journal of Developmental Psychology and Educational Psychology, 1, 176–189.
3. ↑ Bastine, R. (1972). Group tour. In: CF Graumann (Ed.), Handbuch der Psychologie, Volume 7/2: Sozialpsychologie (pp. 1654–1709). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
4. ↑ Bastine, R. (1974). On the way to integrated psychotherapy. Psychology Today, 53–58.
5. ↑ Bastine, R. (1976). Approaches to the formulation of intervention strategies in psychotherapy. In: P. Jankowski, D. Tscheulin, H.-J. Fietkau & F. Mann (eds.), Client-centered Psychotherapy Today (pp. 193–207). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
6. ^ Tscheulin, D. (1976). An approach to differential counseling psychotherapy as a contribution to theory building in client-centered psychotherapy. In: P. Jankowski, D. Tscheulin, H.-J. Fietkau & F. Mann (eds.), Client-centered Psychotherapy Today (pp. 98-109). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
7. ↑ Bastine, R. (1978). Strategies of psychotherapeutic action. In Reimer (ed.), Possibilities and limits of psychotherapy in psychiatric hospitals (pp. 59–66). Stuttgart: Thieme.
8. ↑ Bastine, R. (1992). Psychotherapy. In Bastine (ed.), Clinical Psychology (Volume II, pp. 179-301).
9. ↑ Bastine, R. (1998), Clinical Psychology, Volume I (3rd edition; 1st edition 1984), Stuttgart: Kohlhammer
10. ↑ Bastine, R. (1995). Divorce Mediation - A process of psychological aid. In: Federal Conference for Educational Advice (Ed.). Divorce Mediation: Possibilities and Limits (pp. 14–37). Münster: vote.
11. ↑ Haynes, JM, Mecke, A., Bastine, R. & Fong, L. (2006, 2nd ed.). Mediation: from conflict to solution. Stuttgart: Velcro-Cotta.