Republic of Ararat
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The Republic of Ararat ( Kurdish Komara Agiriyê , named after Mount Ararat ) was proclaimed as a Kurdish state in the east of the recently established Turkish Republic during the Ararat uprising . It was never recognized internationally, whether a state was actually founded is controversial. The area claimed by it has been under Turkish control since 1931 at the latest; it is located in the center of the Turkish province of Ağrı .
Historical background
For the Ottoman Empire , the First World War ended with the Peace Treaty of Sèvres of 1920, which, among other things, provided for an autonomous Kurdistan . The treaty, which was not ratified by the Turkish side and therefore did not come into force, was completely rejected by the Turkish national movement under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk . In the further course of the following Turkish War of Liberation (1920-1923) she took over the Turkish government.
During this war, the Kemalist troops were militarily supported by Kurdish tribes who, in return, hoped for an independent Kurdish state. The 1923 Peace Treaty of Lausanne , in which the initial Treaty of Sèvres was revised in favor of the victorious Turkish Republic, did not provide for Kurdish autonomy. This led in 1930 to the so-called Ararat uprising of the Kurds, who felt they had been betrayed by the new Turkish republic, in the course of which the Ararat republic was proclaimed. The Kurdish organization of the Xoybûn founded in 1927 appointed General Ibrahim Heski as governor and Temir Aga as gendarmerie captain of the republic.
The Republic of Ararat has never been recognized internationally. After the final failure of the Ararat uprising in 1931, the Turkish Republic took control of the region.
15 years later, the Kurds in the northwestern Iranian city of Mahabad made a second attempt with the Republic of Kurdistan ( People's Republic of Mahabad ) to establish a Kurdish state that lasted 11 months.
swell
- Ihsan Nouri Pasha: La révolte de l'Agridagh "Ararat" (1927-1930) , "Agri", éditions kurdes, Genève 1986
- Martin Strohmeier. Lale Yalçin-Heckmann: The Kurds. History, politics, culture. Beck, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-406-42129-6
- Michaela Wimmer, Joachim Spiering, Bernhard Michalowski: Focus: The Kurds. Background, history, analyzes. Heyne, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-453-05541-1