Mahabad

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Mahabad
Mahabad
Mahabad
Mahabad (Iran)
Mahabad
Mahabad
Basic data
Country: IranIran Iran
Province : West Azerbaijan
Coordinates : 36 ° 45 '  N , 45 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 36 ° 45 '  N , 45 ° 43'  E
Height : 1317  m
Residents : 150,398 (2012)
Time zone : UTC +3: 30

Mahabad ( Persian مهاباد[ mæɦɔːˈbɔːd ], Kurdish مەھاباد Mehabad [ məhɑːˈbɑːd ]) is a Kurdish city ​​in northwestern Iran in the province of West Azerbaijan and the capital of the district of the same name. It has about 150,000 inhabitants. The city is located south of Lake Urmia , in a narrow valley at an altitude of 1,300 m.

The Mukrian region consists of Piranshahr and Mahabad.

history

In the first millennium BC, the Mahabad region was the center of the Mannaean kingdom . These were a power factor in the region during the Iron Age . They were also in contact with Assyria and other peoples in the region.

Mahabad was also called Sablakh (سابلاخ) and initially a small village in the Deryaz plain , until the head of the Kurdish Mukri tribe, Budaq Sultan, made it the capital of his region with the agreement of the Safavid kings . The name Sablakh is perhaps of Mongolian origin. During the Safavid dynasty, the region of Mukriyan ("Land of Mukri"), which included Mahabad, was one of the centers of resistance against Shah Abbas I the Great .

In 1609 and 1610, during the " Battle of Dimdim ", the Mukri territories supported the rebel and ruler of Beradost Emîr Xan Lepzêrîn against the Safavids. After the defeat by Abbas, he ordered a massacre of the city's population. The people of Beradost suffered the same fate. Many Kurds were also deported to Khorasan . The Mukri ruled the city until the middle of the 19th century. During the First World War , the city was the center of fighting between the Russians and the Ottomans . In 1935 a flood destroyed the city and the modern city was built on top of the ruins of the old one.

The city is sometimes called the secret capital of Kurdistan . Mahabad, in eastern Kurdistan, was the capital of a modern Kurdish state, the Republic of Kurdistan , from January 22 to December 16, 1946 . At the end of the republic, their leaders were executed on Tschuar-Tschira-Platz . Since then, the city in the mountains has been one of the most important symbols of Kurdish nationalism . However, it becomes clear what value this city has for many Kurds beyond Iran . The leader of the Kurdish Democratic Party, Masud Barzani, was born in Mahabad . His father Mustafa Barzani was buried here on March 5, 1979. In 1993 his grave was transferred to his village, where he is buried next to his son Idris Barzani .

During the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Mahabad was bombed and occupied by the Iranian army on September 3, 1979 , as the Kurds opposed the leader of the revolution, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini , who did not grant them any autonomy .

On September 22, 2010, during the celebration of the Islamic Revolution in the city, an attack occurred that killed 12 people and injured more than 70.

Unrest in Mahabad in July 2005

In July 2005, after the killing of the Kurdish youth Schuaneh Ghaderi, an uprising against the Iranian government broke out in the city. The uprising spread to about ten Kurdish cities. About 20 people were killed. Administrative and government buildings were also damaged or destroyed. The Iranian government described the insurgents as hooligans and transferred 100,000 soldiers to the Kurdish areas. 3,000 of these soldiers were sent to Mahabad itself. The youth was accused of demanding the independence of Kurdistan and celebrating the appointment of the Kurdish Jalal Talabani as President of Iraq. According to a report on the website of the US government, his body is said to have been brought by Iranian soldiers to a military vehicle and then dragged through the city. According to the US government, this was done with clear intent to intimidate the population and deter future protests.

The representative office of the Democratic Party Kurdistan-Iran (DPKI) for international relations in Vienna reported in a press release on July 25, 2005 that peaceful demonstrations were taking place in the Iranian Kurdish areas to oppose the arrest of around 200 people in the Kurdish cities of Mahabad, Piranschahr , Marivan and Sardasht and their torture in the prisons and the looting of houses and shops by the Revolutionary Guard . Up to 50,000 people are said to have participated in demonstrations on Tschuar-Tschira-Platz alone.

Culture

Mahabad is one of the centers of Kurdish culture and literature in Iranian Kurdistan . Many poets and writers worked in this city in the 20th century. For example Hejar (Abdurrahman Sharfkandi) (1920–1990), Hêmin (Sayyed Moháammad Amini Shaykho-al-Eslam Mokri) (1920–1986), Abdorrahamn Zabihi (1920–1980) and Giw Mukriyani . During the time of the Republic of Kurdistan, Hejar was bestowed the title of Kurdistan National Poet . The dialect of Mahabad is the literary standard of the Kurdish language in western Iran. He is closely related to the Sorani spoken in the Iraqi part of Kurdistan .

Attractions

The area around Mahabad is full of historical traces that go back to pre-Islamic and pre-Christian times. Near the village of Inderghasch near Mahabad is Faghrigha , a burial chamber carved into rock from the Sassanid era . In many places you can find reliefs, steles and burial places. The city of Mahabad is surrounded by numerous springs. This and the river, which used to run on the outskirts and now flows through the city, ensure a pleasant climate. The nearby springs are believed to have healing powers. Above all, they should help with detoxifying drinking cures, others against skin diseases. In the city there are also Armenian and Jewish alleys, in which wine and liquor trade was operated or in which goldsmiths were settled. This was frowned upon by the Muslims. A mausoleum of the Bedaghol Sutan can be found southwest of the city.

Economy and Infrastructure

Mahabad is the center of a large agricultural industry. However, the city is relatively underdeveloped, even by Iranian standards. For 2008, a swing plant is to be set up in Mahabad by the Mahabad Petrochemical Company .

traffic

The city lies on the railway line Maragha-Urmia , in Maragha from the railway line Tehran-Tabriz branches. The line went into operation as far as Mahabad in 2015. It should still be possible to drive through it to Urmia in 2016.

It is connected to Tabriz, 300 km to the north, and Urmia , also 150 km to the north, via trunk roads. There is also a connection to Mosul in Iraq.

There is an airport in Mahabad which has the ICAO identifier OITB.

Colleges

sons and daughters of the town

See also

literature

  • Hans-Peter Drögemüller: Iranian diary. 5 years of revolution . 1st edition. Libertarian Association e. V., Hamburg 1983, ISBN 3-922611-51-6 , the author, an archaeologist and ancient scholar describes in the book an excavation and surveying trip to Mahabad and the surrounding Kurdish province during the Iranian revolution.

Web links

Commons : Mahabad  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / bevoelkerungsstatistik.de
  2. ↑ mefa.ir ( Memento of the original from January 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mefa.ir
  3. ↑ Amir Hassanpour: Dimdim . In: Ehsan Yarshater (Ed.): Encyclopædia Iranica , accessed on May 18, 2013 (English, including references)
  4. ^ Kurds . [16. January 2006]
  5. ↑ a b Unrest in the Kurdish areas of Iran  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / nzz.ch  In: NZZ. August 9, 2005, [10. January 2006]
  6. ↑ Davoud Khodabakhsh: Political murder in Mahabad . In: Deutsche Welle World. August 21, 2005, [10. January 2006]
  7. ↑ 14 killed in Kurdish riots in Syria. March 30, 2005, [10. January 2006]
  8. ↑ Volker Schmidt: Tensions in Iranian Kurdish areas are increasing ( Memento of the original from November 24, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / iran-now.de archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Frankfurter Rundschau. August 5, 2005, [10. January 2006]
  9. ↑ Iran: Voices Struggling To Be Heard . Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor with the Bureau of Public Affairs, November 3, 2005, [10. January 2006]
  10. ↑ Abubekir Saydam: APPEAL to the international community and bodies . efrin.net, Democratic Party Kurdistan-Iran, July 27, 2005 (German) [10. January 2006]
  11. ↑ The Iranian Kurds celebrate the Iraqi constitution . nadir.org, March 13, 2004, [10. January 2006]
  12. ^ Culture . ( Memento of the original from September 7, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. members.chello.se/yamulki, [10. January 2006] @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / members.chello.se
  13. ^ ZD: Mahabad . ( Memento of the original from May 6, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. May 2004, [17. January 2006] @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.youth-pel.de
  14. ↑ West Azarbaijan . ( Memento of the original from September 13, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Iran Chamber of Commerce, Industries & Mines, [31. March 2006] @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iccim.org
  15. ↑ Mahabad . LexicOrient [12. June 2006]
  16. ↑ Lorestan and Mahabad Petrochemical Companies select Basell's Spherilene technology Basell Corporate Communications, November 1, 2005, [11. January 2006]
  17. ↑ Mahabad . In: Encyclopædia Britannica -Online, April 13, 2008
  18. ^ Mahabad Airport . AirdataSearch.com, March 26, 2008
  19. ↑ University homepage. (Persian)