Republic of the rascals (novel)

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Republic of the Rascals ( Russian Республика Шкид ) is a partially autobiographical educational novel by Leonid Panteleev and Grigory Georgievich Belych from 1927. The novel is about a group of street children who were brought to the Petrograd school commune named Dostoyevsky for various reasons (SchKID) to be re-educated or re- socialized and trained there.

background

The SchKID building on the former Prospect of Young Proletarians, Petrograd (since 1991: Staro-Petergofski Prospect No. 19, Saint Petersburg)

The First World War , the October Revolution , the subsequent Russian Civil War and the famine of 1921–1922 produced millions of orphaned, abandoned, evacuated and vagabond youth in the USSR . Many of them kept themselves alive by begging, peddling, prostitution and theft. The SchKID ( Russian ШКИД , acronym for Школа-коммуна имени Достоевского , 1920-1925) specialized in the social and individual training of homeless and difficult-to-educate young people. The later authors Panteleev and Belych met in the early 1920s as students at the SchKID. Inspired by the works of Maxim Gorki and encouraged by Samuil Jakowlewitsch Marschak , they processed their experiences into a book for young people in 1926. The novel was enthusiastically received by audiences and critics alike. a. also from Maxim Gorki. On the other hand, the education politician Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya and the pedagogue Anton Semjonowitsch Makarenko complained about the disrespectful portrayal of teachers and the negative light that the novel threw on the educational system of the young USSR. Nonetheless, the Republic of ShKID was reissued every year for a decade - until Belych was arrested and convicted in 1935 on charges of counterrevolutionary activity ( Article 58 (10) of the RSFSR Criminal Code ). It was only after his rehabilitation that the book, which was out of print (at the suggestion of Lidija Kornejewna Tschukowskaja ), was published again in the USSR from 1962.

The novel has been translated into numerous languages. In 1966 it was made into a film under the direction of Gennadi Poloka. In 2013, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation included him in the official Recommended Reading List of 100 Books for Schoolchildren .

expenditure

  • Grigori Bjelych, Leonid Pantelejew: The republic of the rascals. Translation from Russian by Liselotte Remané. New Life, Berlin 1959, 1960, 1967, 1984, 2005, ISBN 3-355-01700-0 .
  • Shkid. The Republic of the Rascals. Translation from Russian by Maria Einstein. Verlag der Jugendinternationale, Berlin 1929 (first German edition)
  • Республика Шкид on lib.ru (Russian, original text)

filming

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alan M. Ball, And Now My Soul Is Hardened: Abandoned Children in Soviet Russia, 1918–1930. University of California Press, London 1994, p. XI, ISBN 0-520-20694-0 .
  2. ↑ Orlando Figes, A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891-1924. Penguin, New York 1996, ISBN 0-224-04162-2 , p. 781.
  3. ↑ krugosvet.ru (Russian)
  4. ↑ «100 книг» по истории, культуре и литературе народов Российской Федерации (PDF).