Rheinischer Münzverein

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Gold gulden: Mainz, Archbishop Johann II of Nassau (1397–1419), minted between 1399 and 1402 in Frankfurt-Höchst
Obverse: John the Baptist with cross scepter, the right raised to a blessing; between the feet of a St. John Cross . Transcription: IOH (ann) IS AR (chi) EP (iscop) VSMAGV (n) T (inus) Reverse
: Vierpass ; in the middle the Nassau coat of arms, in the arches the shields of Kurmainz , Kurköln , Kurtrier , and of Bavaria for Kurpfalz . Inscription: MONETA OP (p) IDI IN HOIESTEN

The Rhenish coinage union was in the late Middle Ages by the four Rhenish electors Kuno von Trier , Frederick of Cologne , Adolf of Mainz and Rupert of the Palatinate , was established in coinage . The coin rack and with it the unrestricted right to coin was written into the Golden Bull in 1356 for all electors of the Holy Roman Empire . This derived the right to mint gold coins.

Initially, the Rheinische Münzverein only had the Rhenish gold guilder minted , and later also the silver white pfennig. The gold gulden was soon accepted as a trading coin throughout the Holy Roman Empire and used as an invoice coin in contracts and documents until the 17th century.

In the contract document of the Rheinischer Münzverein the stamp of the guilder was precisely prescribed: “Uff eyner Sytten sand Johannes bilde” - “and uff of the other customs eynen tripass, there in the middle of the lord's coat of arms, in whose monczen the guilder is placed, and uff the three orttene sullen staen the other three men wapen. "

history

The first Rheinische Münzverein was founded on November 26, 1385 and June 8, 1386, respectively. On March 20, 1419, the Duchy of Jülich was temporarily added. In 1420 the city ​​of Cologne joined the Rheinische Münzverein . The first Rheinischer Münzverein was followed by others until the first half of the 16th century . Due to the spatial interlocking of their territories, the Rhenish princes had the same commercial interests and, as a result, an interest in a common currency .

In 1391 the association was renewed and the design of the Rhenish guilder was changed. It now showed a small eagle at the feet of John the Baptist . From 1419, instead of John the Baptist, Saint Peter was depicted in full and half figure, from 1425 and 1464, respectively, Jesus Christ . All four Rhenish princes now also had the silver white pfennig minted together. The common coin was minted “with the tripas being minted on one site and on the other sites with a tabernacle and a breast image of Sancte Peter”. 20 white pennies were worth one gold gulden.

background

After 1300 the period of the regional penny came to an end. The Rhenish area opened up to the new developments in the monetary system, which began in Italy and France with the issuance of groschen coins with twelve times the value of the penny and gold coins worth one pound denarii, and in the course of the 14th century a relatively stable gold / silver Dual or parallel currency system.

See also

literature

  • Gerhard Graab: "moneta nova" Palatinate silver coins at the time of the Rheinischer Münzverein , (series of publications by the Numismatic Society, vol. 51), Speyer 2011, ISBN 978-3-934723-11-5 .
  • Wolfgang Hess: The Rhenish coinage in the 14th century and the emergence of the Kurrheinischer Münzverein , in: Hans Patze (Hrsg.): The German territorial state in the 14th century, Sigmaringen 1971, pp. 257–323.
  • Bernhard Kirchgässner: The Effects of the Rhenish Mint Association in the Contrast of the Empire and Territories of Southwest Germany and the Adjacent Confederation , in: Hans Patze (Ed.): The German Territorial State in the 14th Century, Sigmaringen 1971, pp. 225-256.
  • Hendrik Mäkeler: Coin Policy of the Electors. Der Rheinische Münzverein , in: Ders .: Reichsmünzwesen im late Mittelalter, Vol. 1: The 14th Century, Stuttgart 2010, pp. 246-258.
  • Konrad Schneider: Rhenish currency in upheaval in the 16th century and the end of the Rheinischer Münzverein , in: Yearbook for West German State History 39 (2013), pp. 213–244.
  • Arthur Suhle: Groschen and gold coinage in the 14th and 15th centuries . In: German coin and money history from the beginning to the 15th century. Berlin 1974.
  • Karl Weisenstein: The Electoral Trier coinage and monetary system from the beginning of the 14th to the end of the 16th century. Also a contribution to the history of the Rheinischer Münzverein , (publications of the society for historical auxiliary sciences, vol. 3), Koblenz 1995, ISBN 3-923708-08-4 .

Web links

Commons : Rheinischer Münzverein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Fengler, Gerhard Gierow, Willy Unger: Transpress lexicon numismatics. Berlin 1976, p. 408.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Arthur Suhle: Groschen and gold coinage in the 14th and 15th centuries . in: German coin and money history from the beginning to the 15th century. Berlin 1974, p. 175f.
  3. ↑ Heinz Fengler: "Introduction". In: 700 years of coinage in Berlin. , Berlin 1976, p. 20. cf. New High German translation of the Golden Bull from 1713, Chapter X - "Von der Müntz." Digital full-text edition in Wikisource , full text and commentary by Karl Zeumer : The Golden Bull of Emperor Charles IV (Part 1). Weimar: Hermann Böhlaus successor, 1908, page 51 f. Digital full-text edition in Wikisource , full-text (version from May 5, 2011)
  4. ↑ Rheinischer Gulden - A gold coin of the Rhenish electors (found in: http://www.muenzwissen.com/ on November 29, 2012)
  5. ↑ Arthur Suhle: Groschen and gold coinage in the 14th and 15th centuries . In: German coin and money history from the beginning to the 15th century. Berlin 1974, p. 175f.
  6. ↑ Heinz Fengler, Gerhard Gierow, Willy Unger: Transpress lexicon numismatics. Berlin 1976, p. 268.