Rhinonycteridae
Rhinonycteridae | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Golden round-leaf nose ( Rhinonicteris aurantia ), drawing by George Edward Dobson from the Catalog of the Chiroptera in the Collection of the British Museum from 1878 |
||||||||||||
Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Rhinonycteridae | ||||||||||||
Gray , 1866 |
The Rhinonycteridae are a bat family that occurs in nine species in Africa, Madagascar, the Middle East and Australia. The family was only introduced in 2015 and separated from the round-leaf noses (Hipposideridae). The reason was the independent development of the group, which has been ongoing for around 39 million years, as evidenced by fossils from Europe and Australia. The name Rhinonycteridae was derived from the sub-tribus Rhinonycterina, which was described in 1866 by the British zoologist John Edward Gray .
features
The Rhinonycteridae differ genetically from the round-leaf noses and through their uniquely shaped nasal leaf , which differs from that of the round-leaf noses through five derived characteristics and with which they can emit special calls for echolocation .
The Rhinonycteridae differ from the slit noses (Nycteridae) and large-leaf noses (Megadermatidae) in their nasal blade and the relatively small, non-fused ears that have no tragus . Like the round-leaf noses, the Rhinonycteridae differ from the horseshoe bat (Rhinolophidae) in having only two toe phalanges (three in the horseshoe bats), in the absence of the third premolar and in their echolocation call, which consists of pulses that are only 15 ms or less long last, while those of the horseshoe bats are longer than 30 ms.
Genera and species
- Percival's small-eared trident- leaf nose ( Cloeotis pusillus Thomas, 1901) is common in southern Africa (from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to South Africa ). The three prongs on the back of the nasal blade and the short ears, which barely protrude from the fur, are characteristic of this species.
- The genus Paratriaenops was only separated from Triaenops in 2009 and includes three species that occur in the west and north of Madagascar and on the Aldabra Islands .
- Grandidier's three-toothed nose ( Paratriaenops auritus (G. Grandidier, 1912))
- Trousseart three-toothed nose ( Paratriaenops furculus (Trouessart, 1907))
- Paratriaenops pauliani (Goodman and Ranivo, 2008)
- The golden round-leaf nose ( Rhinonicteris aurantia (Gray, 1845)) ( type genus ) is common in the northern half of Australia. It predominantly inhabits hot, tree-lined areas and is characterized by a golden or orange fur.
- The genus of the three-tooth leaf noses ( Triaenops ) includes four species that live in Iran , on the Arabian Peninsula, in eastern Africa and on Madagascar . It has different fur colors (gray, orange or reddish) and lives in large groups in caves.
- African three-toothed nose ( Triaenops afer Peters, 1876)
- Reddish three-toothed nose ( Triaenops menamena Goodman and Ranivo, 2009)
- Triaenops parvus Benda and Vallo, 2009
- Persian three-toothed nose ( Triaenops persicus Dobson, 1871)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Nicole M. Foley, Vu Dinh Thong, Pipat Soisook, Steven M. Goodman, Kyle N. Armstrong, David S. Jacobs, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Emma C. Teeling. 2015. How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 32, Issue 2, February 1, 2015, Pages 313–333, doi: 10.1093 / molbev / msu329
- ↑ Wilson, LAB, Hand, S, J., López-Aguirre, C., Archer, M., Black, KH, Beck, RMD, Armstrong, KN & Roe, S. 2016. Cranial shape variation and phylogenetic relationships of extinct and extant Old World leaf-nosed bats. Alcheringa 40 (4): 509-524. doi: 10.1080 / 03115518.2016.1196434
- ^ Gray JE 1866. A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 81-83.
- ↑ Petr Benda and Peter Vallo: Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. ( Memento of the original from September 16, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Folia Zoologica 58, Monograph 1, 2009, pp. 1-45