Rhodothermus marinus
| Rhodothermus marinus | ||||||||||||
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| Rhodothermus marinus | ||||||||||||
| Gudni A. Alfredsson et al. 1995 |
Rhodothermus marinus is a type of bacteria. It belongs to the family of the Rhodothermaceae and is their type species . The name is derived from the Greek word rhodon for rose and the Greek word thermos for hot and refers to the mostly red color of the colonies and the high temperatures under which the species grows.
Appearance
The gram test is negative. The cells are straight rods. They are about 0.5 µm wide and between 2.0 and 2.5 µm long. The bacterium seems to be immobile although a polar flagella has been described. Spores are not formed. The color of the colonies of most of the strains is red, the pigment is a carotenoid . When the medium is rich in carbohydrates , the bacterium forms a mucous capsule ( glycocalyx ).
Growth and metabolism
Rhodothermus marinus is chemo-organotrophic and strictly aerobic . The species is thermophilic ( heat- loving), growth takes place at temperatures between 54 and 77 ° C. Best growth takes place at 65 ° C. Furthermore, the bacterium depends on salt for growth ( halophilic ) and tolerates salt contents of up to over 6% NaCl , with values below 0.6% no growth takes place. The best growth occurs between 2 and 3% NaCl. The pH for best growth is 7.0.
Rhodothermus marinus forms heat-stable hydrolytic enzymes . Examples are enzymes for starch , xylan and cellulose breakdown .
Chemotaxonomic Features
The main quinone is menaquinone 7 . Menaquinone 6 and 5 are also present in smaller quantities. The fatty acids found in the membrane lipids are mainly anteiso -C15: 0 ( anteiso - pentadecanoic acid ), iso -C15: 0 ( iso- pentadecanoic acid), anteiso -C17: 0 ( anteiso - heptadecanoic acid ) and iso -C15: 0 ( iso- heptadecanoic acid). The GC content (the proportion of the nucleobases guanine and cytosine ) in the bacterial DNA is between 64 and 66 mol percent.
Occurrence
Rhodothermus marinus occurs in extremely hot areas, such as B. in marine thermal springs .
Systematics
The species Rhodothermus marinus belongs to the family Rhodothermaceae which is assigned to the order Cytophagales . Comparisons with the 16S rRNA show a close phylogenetic relationship with Salinibacter ruber , the agreement is about 89%. The species Rhodothermus obamensis was abandoned due to strong similarities in fatty acid profiles and 16s rRNA analyzes and assigned to R. marinus .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b war, NR; Ludwig, W .; Whitman, WB; Hedlund, BP; Paster, BJ; Staley, JT; Ward, N .; Brown, D .; Parte, A .: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 457-467 .
- ↑ a b Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Rhodothermus marinus, gen. Nov., Sp. nov., a Thermophibic, Halophilic Bacterium from Submarine Hot Springs in Iceland . In: Journal of General Microbiology . tape 134 , No. 2. England 1988, pp. 299-306 . link
- ↑ H. Bjornsdottir et al .: Rhodothermus marinus: physiology and molecular biology In: Extremophiles . February 2006, Volume 10, Number 1, pp. 1-16. doi : 10.1007 / s00792-005-0466-z
- ↑ JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Rhodothermus (as of April 28, 2019)
literature
- War, NR; Ludwig, W .; Whitman, WB; Hedlund, BP; Paster, BJ; Staley, JT; Ward, N .; Brown, D .; Parte, A .: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 457-467 .
- Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock - Microbiology . 11th edition. Pearson Studium, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-8273-7358-8 , pp. 456 .