Crease

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Coordinates: 51 ° 36 '  N , 6 ° 32'  E The settlement Rill belongs to the district Menzelen of the municipality of Alpen in the Wesel district on the lower left Lower Rhine .

history

The Franconian burial ground

Franconian wall pot from Rill, around 620 AD

While working in a small sand pit, Merovingian Age graves were found more often since 1916 . Under the direction of Albert Steeger , the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn examined the rest of the grave field in the 1930s , and 80 more burials were uncovered.

The graves can essentially be classified in the period from 585 to 670 AD. After many individual finds from previously unintentionally destroyed graves, an occupancy of around 440 to 740 AD can be assumed. The high number of individual finds suggests at least 200 other burials. Therefore, Rill was hardly a burial place of just one farm, but rather a larger settlement.

After the middle of the 8th century, several tree coffin burials were established in Rill with handmade ball pots as grave goods. The editor of the finds, Frank Siegmund , suggested that the tree coffin graves came from a foreign population group.

The location of the burial ground in Rill on the eastern slope of a knoll 23 meters above sea level - the highest elevation in the area - is typical for many facilities from the Franconian period. There is much to suggest that below the cemetery on a small stream ( Schwarzer Graben ) there was an associated large farm or small settlement, which continued in a homestead on the Lower Rhine until the 19th century ( Klotenshof ). At that time, there were settlement possibilities only in higher places ( Brinken and Spyken ), which were somewhat protected from the floods.

Documentary mention

The place name Rill appears for the first time in 1184 when a Henrico de Rele is mentioned as a witness in a document from the Archbishop of Cologne . This is the same document in which the Bönninghardt landscape is mentioned for the first time.

Dispute over the riller tithe

In the 17th century a substantial part of the parish income from the Alps consisted of the tithe in Rill. The farmers did not belong to the rule of the Alps, but to the Vogtei Menzelen and were directly part of the Electorate of Cologne . This tithe, the z. B. consisted of threshed grain, gave rise to arguments with the Cologne officials from Rheinberg , who claimed the tithe for themselves - a dispute in which the Rheinberger were initially right by the court involved. In 1755 it is recorded again that the tithe, consisting of 60 Malter grain, was delivered to the pastor of Alpen.

Riller settlement after the First World War

After the First World War , the so-called Riller settlement was built. It was initially used as accommodation for Belgian occupation troops.

The bridge over the Riller Woy

A feature of Rill was the bridge over the Riller Woy, built as a pile bridge at the beginning of the 19th century, which was replaced by a concrete bridge with a height of 10 m and a span of 50 m. This bridge was blown up in the last weeks of the war (March 1945).

Single receipts

  1. ^ Albert Steeger, The Franconian cemetery in Rill near Xanten. Bonner Jahrbücher 148, 1948, pp. 249–298.
  2. ^ Frank Siegmund, Merovingian period on the Lower Rhine. Rheinische Ausgrabungen 34. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1989. ISBN 3-7927-1247-4 , pp. 360–384.
  3. ^ Frank Siegmund: Merovingian time on the Lower Rhine . Rheinische Ausgrabungen 34. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1998. ISBN 3-7927-1247-4 , pp. 159-163.

Literature and Sources

Rill burial ground

  • Steeger, Albert: The Franconian cemetery in Rill near Xanten. Bonner Jahrbücher 148, 1948, 249–298.
  • Siegmund, Frank: Merovingian time on the Lower Rhine . Rhenish excavations 34th Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1998. ISBN 3-7927-1247-4 .
  • Böhner, Kurt (Ed.): Left Lower Rhine: Krefeld, Xanten Kleve. Guide to prehistoric and protohistoric monuments Volume 14. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1969.
    • In it: Renate Pirling : The Merovingian period on the Lower Rhine. (On the Rill burial ground: pp. 73–74.)
  • Hofmann, Fritz and Pattscheck, Hans (Hrsg.): History book of the community Borth. Borth 1968.
    • In it: Fritz Hofmann: The early settlement of our community. (Treatment of the Riller burial ground)

middle Ages

  • Dicks, Mathias: The Abbey Camp on the Lower Rhine , 1913.

Modern times

  • Arbeitsgemeinschaft Alpen-Lexikon [Hrsg.]: Alpen-Lexikon , 2005
  • Bösken, Walther: History of the Protestant community in the Alps , 1929.
  • Okken, Friedhelm: The Alpener Grafhaus in the Reformation period , 1993.
  • Winkelmann, W. u. Nühlen, L .: Manuscript for the competition “Our village should be more beautiful” , 1989.