Rimma Mikhailovna Ivanova

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Rimma Mikhailovna Ivanova ( Russian Римма Михайловна Иванова , born on June 15, jul. / 27. June  1894 greg. In Stavropol , Russian Empire , fell on September 9, jul. / 22. September  1915 greg. Close Dabraslauka , Minsk province , Russian Kaiserreich) was a Russian nurse who was posthumously awarded the Order of St. George for her service in the First World War . She is - next to Catherine II and Marie in Bavaria - one of three women who were honored in this way during the Russian Empire. Since 2016 she has been an honorary citizen of her hometown.

Life

Ivanova was the daughter of the clergyman Mikhail Pavlovich Ivanov and his wife, Jelena Nikanorovna. She received a higher education and was a student at the Olginskaya Women's High School in Stavropol. During her school days, Ivanova rescued a non-swimmer from a pond. As a child, she is said to have said that she wanted to become a soldier.

After graduating from school, she began - under adverse conditions - to work as a teacher at the Zemstvo School in Petrovskoye. For example, the school did not have its own premises. Nonetheless, Ivanova earned a good reputation as a conscientious and hardworking teacher who encouraged her students to do very well.

military service

Ivanova was 20 years old when the mobilization for World War I began in Russia. ( See also : Eastern Front: Initial Situation in the Russian Empire ) Ivanova was inspired by the legends of the “cavalry girl” Nadezhda Andrejewna Durowa to participate in voluntary military service - against the resistance of her parents.

On September 7, 1914, Ivanova began working as a nurse at her first place of work, the Stavropol Diocesan Hospital No. 2. The hospital in the North Caucasus was on alert because military conflicts with Turkey were expected - but it remained largely quiet in the Compared to the main fronts, so that Ivanova asked for a transfer to another regiment. She had previously obtained information from a military museum and a military library.

In order to serve in a combat unit, she cut her hair short and reported under the male name "Iwan Iwanow". On January 17, 1915, she was accepted into the 83rd Infantry Regiment, which had already been stationed in Stavropol during peacetime. After a short home leave, she was assigned to the 105th Infantry Regiment, in which her younger brother, Vladimir Ivanov, also served as a military doctor.

During the battles in the summer of 1915, Ivanova was seen as particularly brave . She did not stay in the hospital , but instead looked after wounded soldiers directly at the front - contrary to repeated requests from her superiors and her brother.

Ivanova participated in an assault that occurred after the two commanding officers had already fallen.

Posthumously

On September 22, the commander of the 31st Army Corps, General Mishchenko , sent a telegram to the governor of Stavropol telling Rimma Ivanova to be awarded the Russian Order of St. George, fourth class, because she had died as a heroine in an assault.

At her funeral on September 24th, the priest said:

“France has a maiden from Orleans - Joan of Arc . Russia has the girl from Stavropol - Rimma Ivanova. Her name will henceforth live forever in the kingdoms of the world. "

Through the military honor, Ivanova became known to a wider public, especially since Tsar Nicholas II personally approved the award of the order. This was necessary because Ivanova, as a nurse, was not part of the "fighting units", but was proposed for a military order. After the burial with military honors, educational grants were established on her behalf. A plaque was installed in the school where she graduated and 20,000 leaflets with her portrait were distributed. She chose the school where she worked as a teacher as her namesake.

In 1915, her story was the subject of a propaganda film "Heroic deed of the sister of grace Rimma Mikhailovna Ivanova". However, this film aroused so much criticism from soldiers that it was not shown further.

Movie

Web links

Commons : Rimma Ivanova  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Igor Bukker: Георгиевский крест для “Ставропольской девы”. In: Pravda . November 18, 2013, Retrieved April 3, 2018 (Russian).
  2. a b c Vladimir Kazakov: Страницы истории. In: Website of the Russian-Belarusian Union . July 22, 2013, Retrieved April 3, 2018 (Russian).
  3. Барышня без страха и упрека. (No longer available online.) In: baltijalv.lv - Портал русской общины Латвии. May 1, 2011, archived from the original on June 27, 2012 ; Retrieved April 3, 2018 (Russian).