rolling gate
A roller door is used to close off openings in halls or garages that can be walked or driven on. It is similar to a roller shutter , but it must also meet the safety and thermal protection requirements that are guaranteed by the window for roller shutters. Roller doors have the advantage over classic garage doors that no space is required outside to open. The advantage over sectional doors is that no space is required above the interior.
Roller doors are mostly used in the commercial sector, there also as high-speed doors , and less often in the private sector as garage doors.
functionality
When opening, the so-called armor is rolled up, which means that little space is required. Depending on the design, such roller doors can be fire-retardant, soundproof or even bulletproof, for example.
Roll-up doors are subject to the EC Construction Products Directive 89/106 / EEC, which is specified in the product standard DIN EN 13241, which has been in force since May 1, 2005. Power-operated roller shutters must meet additional directives, in particular the Machinery Directive .
Components of a roller door
Roller shutter curtain
A roller shutter curtain consists of profiles that hinge with each other, also called bars. Depending on the size and task of the gate, the armor is made of plastic (e.g. PVC-U ( hard polyvinyl chloride )) or mostly made of metal . Aluminum or steel is preferably used. Profiles are available in various sizes and shapes, single or double-walled. Double-walled profiles are usually filled with polyurethane (PU), but for special applications such as fire or noise protection, they can be filled with materials with appropriate properties (e.g. mineral wool ). The PU foam increases the stability, the thermal insulation and the soundproofing of the roller shutter.
The armor is guided through the side-mounted guide rails and wound onto the shaft when it is raised. The individual profiles of the roller shutter curtain must be secured against sliding sideways, as otherwise the function may be impaired or there may be high wear. So-called head pieces, also called end pieces, are usually used to prevent movement. If high wind loads are expected or if there are large gates, the curtain is also held in place in the guide rails by means of storm anchors (with or without rollers). In this case, some of the standard head pieces are replaced by appropriate storm anchors. These can only take effect when the door is closed, but not during the opening and closing process.
Guide rails
The guide rails sit on the outer edges of the opening and have the task of guiding the armor sideways and, when lowered, absorbing the forces (especially wind forces) that act on the armor. They usually have a U-shaped cross section. The material used is steel , and more rarely aluminum .
wave
The shaft carries the roller shutter curtain and it is also wound onto it. The shaft usually consists of a boiler tube, circular blanks that are welded into the boiler tube and the connection to the bolts (shaft journals), which are connected to the drive or bearing or anti-roll device. The boiler tubes are round, hollow throughout and made of steel . The bolts are round, solid steel pins that are welded into the boiler pipe over the circular blanks and look out from the sides. Hexagonal or octagonal steel shafts are also used for light doors (see: roller shutters ).
Consoles
The consoles are used to attach the gate to the load-bearing wall. The drive and the bearing or the trolley stop, on which the shaft and the armor hang, sit on them. Particular attention must be paid to fastening the consoles to the wall, as they have to bear the entire load (weight of the door and any chain pulling force as well as dynamic force in the event that the trolley stop intervenes). When choosing the fasteners (e.g. dowels ), the forces and the bracket geometry as well as the nature of the wall and the ambient conditions (e.g. moisture) must be taken into account.
drive
The drive opens and closes the gate. It can be done by hand or by electric motors of various types. A tubular drive is inserted into the shaft. The drive module is usually a unit of electric motor and planetary gear. The application is limited to small gates, mostly for private garages. In the case of a chain drive, the movement produced by the motor is transmitted to the shaft by means of a chain (transmission ratio usually around 1: 3). It is used for very heavy doors or if there is no space for a direct drive on the side. The direct drive (also called a slip-on drive) has a hollow shaft with a keyway. It sits directly on the shaft journal. Electric drives must be equipped with emergency actuation (emergency hand crank, emergency chain, quick release) in order to be able to open the door without a power supply.
The manual drives include the spring shaft, which tensions when the door is lowered and reduces the effort required to push it up. There are also crank drives in which a wire rope is moved via a crank, which turns the shaft (is only rarely used today). With the hand chain drive, the movement that is generated on a chain (via a gear) is passed on to the shaft. This operator is intended for small to medium-sized doors.
Trolley stop
An anti-roll device or safety catch must be available for every roller shutter (according to DIN EN 12604). If a suspension element (e.g. gear, chain) of the roller shutter fails, the roll-off stop ensures that the curtain is stopped safely and quickly. The most common trolley stops are attached to the shaft instead of a bearing. They use the centrifugal force of rotating cylindrical rollers, which are pressed outwards at one point on the circumference when the normal operating speed is exceeded and thus engage the safety gear. With slip-on drives, the trolley stop is usually integrated in the drive. There are also safety gears that sit at the lower end of the tank and press themselves into the guide rail in the event of a fall and thus brake the tank. However, these are rare today because of the significantly higher effort involved.
Safety devices for the closing edge
Some safety regulations must be observed so that the closing gate does not pose a risk to people. For power-operated doors, these are defined in DIN EN 12453.
Only if doors are equipped with a dead man's switch ( i.e. the door only runs as long as the switch is held) and the door can be completely overlooked by the operator can the closing edge be protected. If the gate z. B. operated by radio or self-locking (i.e. the door closes automatically by briefly pressing a switch), then the main closing edge (lower end of the door curtain) must be additionally secured to prevent people from being trapped. This is generally done using touch-sensitive safety strips. Depending on the application and degree of automation, additional safeguards such as light barriers are required. DIN EN 12453 contains a table in which the necessary safety devices are specified depending on the user group and degree of automation. Safety edges are mostly made of rubber ( EPDM ). They are based on an optoelectronic principle (interruption of a light beam guided in the hollow profile), an electrical contact principle (closing a circuit when the switching strip is deformed (8.2 kOhm system)) or use a pressure wave switch (no longer state of the art today).
Controls
There are various control elements for door control, such as B. push-button buttons, key switches, code buttons, card readers or, more recently, biometric systems (fingerprint recognition). In addition, gates can be controlled by radio, induction loops or via the building management system.
Security check
- An annual safety check (UVV check) according to Chapter 10.2 of ASR A1.7 "Doors and Gates" (November 2009 edition with corrections from July 2010) should be carried out by qualified personnel for commercially used electric roller doors .
job profile
Roller shutter and sun protection mechatronics technician is an apprenticeship and master craftsman in the area of roller shutter. Industrial electronics technician specializing in device technology
literature
- Günter Lippe: roller doors. Kleffmann-Verlag, Bochum 2009, ISBN 978-3-87414-116-1
- BG information BGI 861-1 "Safe handling of gates" . July 2005 , arbeitssicherheit.de
Web links
- bvt-tore.de Nationwide association of door manufacturers and suppliers for the door industry
- ttz-online.de Industry Association Gates Doors Frames
- rs-fachverband.de Federal association for roller shutters and sun protection