Red Ruthenia

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Red Ruthenia as Russia (red) (below), in the 14th century

Rotruthenien , also Rothreußen or Rotrussland (Ukrainian Червона Русь , Polish Ruś czerwona , Latin Ruthenia rubra or Russia rubra ), was an area of ​​the Polish aristocratic republic , which came from the original Tscherwener Burgenland , German also Rotburgenland (Old Russian Tscherwenskie Grody ) around , Polish Tscherwenskie grody the Tscherwen Castle ( Czerwień in Polish ) between the rivers Bug and Wieprz emerged.

Its size has changed several times over the centuries.

Names

Since the Tscherwener Burgenland came to Poland from the Kievan Rus in 1340 , the new area - expanded to include the Principality of Halych - has now been referred to as Ruś Czerwona , i.e. Red Ruthenia .

The name represented a change in meaning from originally Tscherwener castles (around Czerwień / Tscherwen ) to Rote Rus (from Polish czerwona red ), in analogy to the newly acquired White Rus and Black Rus .

While white and black were quite common as a distinguishing feature in the designation of different groups of originally the same tribes, the designation red is not yet known in this context.

history

Tscherwener Burgenland

Tscherwener Burgenland before 981

This area was first mentioned in 981 when Grand Duke Vladimir I of Kievan Rus took the area on the way to Poland. In 1018 the area became Polish, after 1031 it went back to the Kievan Rus. After the power-political collapse of the Kiev Empire, it was part of the Ruthenian Principality of Galicia-Volhynia . From 1240 this was under nominal rule of the Golden Horde , a Mongolian khanate , which emerged in Eastern Europe after the death of Genghis Khan .

Red Ruthenia

Red Ruthenia 1525

In 1340 the Polish king succeeded Casimir III. to regain the territory that from then became an integral part of the Kingdom of Poland until the partitions of Poland .

The name "Rothreußen" was used from then on for the landscape around Przemyśl up to the upper Dniester . In later times the name was used synonymously for the Ruthenian Voivodeship , even when its political focus shifted from Przemyśl in the east to Lviv .

literature

  • Aleksandr Jabłonowski: Polska wieku XVI , Vol. VII: Ruś Czerwona , Warszawa 1901, 1903.

Remarks

  1. ↑ see white
  2. ↑ Martin Waldseemüller , "Map of Germania, Kleinpolen, Hungary, Walachai u. Transylvania and parts of the bordering countries ”, in:“ Claudii Ptolemaei geographicae enarrationis libri octo ”, Strasbourg 1525