Red-mouthed heather snail

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Red-mouthed heather snail
Red-mouthed heather snail (Cernuella neglecta)

Red-mouthed heather snail ( Cernuella neglecta )

Systematics
Superfamily : Helicoidea
Family : Geomitridae
Subfamily : Helicellinae
Tribe : Cernuellini
Genre : Cernuella
Type : Red-mouthed heather snail
Scientific name
Cernuella neglecta
( Draparnaud , 1805)

The cernuella neglecta ( Cernuella neglecta ) is a snail of the family of Geomitridae from the order of terrestrial snails (gastropod).

features

The pressed-cone-shaped to almost flat shell of the red mouthed heather snail is 6 to 10 mm (5 to 11 mm) high and 9 to 18 mm (8.5 to 18.5 mm) wide. The ratio of case width to case height ranges from 1.53 to 1.90, with an average of 1.715 (n = 121). It has five to six (4 ⅜ to 5 ⅜; n = 119) strongly arched turns, each of which is separated from one another by a moderately deep seam. The outer line is straight to slightly convex. The last turn only lowers slightly from the turn axis near the mouth. The cross-section of the turn changes little towards the mouth, is occasionally a little wider in relation to the normal increase in the turn. The open umbilicus is rounded to slightly oval. The ratio of the width of the umbilicus to the width of the housing is 0.17 to 0.27 (mean 0.215; n = 113) (1/4 to 1/5). The mouth is rounded, occasionally slightly elliptical with a sharp, only slightly turned edge. It has a more or less strong, mostly thin, often reddish lip on the inside. The mouth is at an angle to the axis of the coil, with the lower edge tilted backwards.

The housing is comparatively thick, whitish and opaque. The surface is almost smooth, only fine, irregular growth strips are present. The (mostly existing) drawing consists of spiral, light brown bands, which are sometimes dissolved in rows of spots. Usually there is a broad band on the periphery to only a little above the periphery. Additional ligaments can be present below the periphery up to the navel. There is no longer any color drawing above the band, slightly above the periphery.

The soft body is dark or gray with reddish or yellowish tones. The animals move slowly and withdraw into the enclosure whenever there is a disturbance. Like all land snails, they are hermaphrodites. In the female tract of the genital organs, the atrium is almost always longer than it is wide, about three times as long as it is wide (or in diameter). The free vagina between the arrow sacks and the glandulae mucosae (mucous glands) is usually longer than it is wide. The two arrow sacks insert at the distal end of the genital atrium. They are about the same size, only rarely is the outer arrow pouch swollen and slightly larger than the inner arrow pouch. The inner arrow sack rises a little higher. The love arrow has a leaf-shaped widened tip. The glandulae mucosae are branched into 10 to 22 branches. The length of the penis corresponds roughly to the arrow sacks. The epiphallus is about three times as long as the penis and five to ten times longer than the flagellum. The stem of the sperm library is significantly longer than the sperm library (bladder or bursa) itself.

Similar species

The shell of the red mouth heather snail is quite variable in color, size and shell height (in relation to the shell width). It can be very similar to other species of snail, including An anatomical examination of the genital organs must be carried out for a reliable determination.

The species cannot be reliably distinguished from Cernuella aginnica on the basis of the housing . As a rule, the red-mouthed heather snail ( Cernuella neglecta ) has a slightly deeper seam, i.e. That is, the whorls are slightly more curved at the periphery. The case is more pressed, so a little less conical. The mouth is more rounded and less incised from the previous intercourse, and it has an on average wider umbilicus. In the genital system, the penis is about twice as long as the arrow sacks. The epiphallus is two to three times as long as the penis and only two to three times as long as the flagellum. The free vagina between the arrow sacs and the glangulae mucosae is wider than it is long.

The shells of the common heather snail ( Helicella itala ) are also very similar. However, this species has a somewhat narrower last contact, a wider umbilicus (about 1/3 the diameter of the case). Particularly noticeable is the last passage, which drops steeply from the winding plane before the mouth. The mouth is clearly elliptical, with no reddish tones on the inside and the inner lip of the mouth.

The white heather snail ( Xerolenta obvia ) is also very similar . The shell is usually flatter, not quite as conical as that of the red mouthed heather snail. However, there are similarly flat housings with this type of variation. In both species, the last turn just before the mouth drops off very little. The navel of the white heather snail is usually a little wider. Above all, one or two narrow, dark brown bands occur well above the periphery. The color of the ribbons is more intense or darker.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The original distribution area was probably limited to southern Italy (including the Monti Alburni ), southern France and north (east) Spain. In the meantime, the species has been anthropogenic (by humans) widely displaced, so that it is difficult to reconstruct the actual original range. Today it occurs in almost all of Central Europe and in southern England. In the 1950s it established itself in what was then Czechoslovakia . The species was first detected in Austria in 1989. In Germany it occurs in the Upper Rhine Valley, in the Saale and Unstrut Valley, in North Rhine-Westphalia, in Rhineland-Palatinate, in Saxony-Anhalt, in Schleswig-Holstein, in East Lower Saxony and in the urban area of ​​Leipzig. In France, it is now also found in larger areas in central, northern and eastern France. The website Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel provides a current overview .

The CSIRO ( Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization ) also specifies an occurrence in the Australian state of South Australia .

The species occurs in sunny and dry locations, e.g. B. rocky dry grasslands, fallow land, gardens, but also on substitute biotopes such as roadsides and train stations.

Way of life

When it is dry, the animals crawl up tree trunks or herbaceous plants and close their housings with a calcifying mucous membrane (diaphragm) and remain dry until the next rain.

Taxonomy and Phylogeny

The taxon was described posthumously in 1805 by Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud as Helix neglecta . The taxon is the type species of the subgenus Xerocincta Monterosato, 1892, which is accepted by many authors. He indicated Lauserte, Le Sorézois as the type locality , which, according to Clerx & Gittenberger (1977), is to be interpreted as Lauzerte ( Dépt. Tarn-et-Garonne ) or the area around Sorèze , southwest of Castres ( Dépt. Tarn ). The species is now generally accepted as belonging to the genus Cernuella Schlüter, 1838 or in its subgenus Cernuella (Xerocincta) Monterosato, 1892. However, the sub-genre is not accepted by all authors (cf. Welter Schultes, 2012, who only accepts genres). Younger synonyms are Helicella (Xerocincta) trepidula Germain, 1930, Helix ammonis Strobel 1857, Helix bononiensis De Stefani 1883, Helix discrepans Tiberi 1878, Helix mendica Pollonera 1892, Helix nerusia Pollonera 1892, Helix samnitum Westerlund 1889, Helix trepidulina Pollonera 1892 Helicella ( Xerocinta) ammonis acrenoica Haas 1936 and Helix major Kobelt 1877.

According to the molecular genetic analysis by Manganelli et al. (2005), Cernuella neglecta is the sister taxon of a small monophylum, consisting of Cernuella virgata and Cernuella cisalpina .

Danger

The species is not endangered according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Red List .

supporting documents

literature

  • Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. (= Steinbach's nature guide. 10). Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , p. 210.
  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 , p. 248.
  • Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. Planet Poster Ed., Göttingen 2012, ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 .

On-line

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e John PM Clerx, Edmund Gittenberger: Some about Cernuella. In: Zoological Mededelingen Leiden. 52 (4), 1977, pp. 27-56. (PDF)
  2. ^ Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 , p. 268.
  3. ↑ a b Mandy Benke, Karsten Renker: Occurrence of Monacha cartusiana (OF Müller, 1774) and Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud, 1805) in the urban area of ​​Leipzig (Saxony). In: Malacological Treatises. 23, Dresden 2005, pp. 109-115.
  4. ↑ Agnese Petraccioli, Paolo Crovato, Ivano Niero, Laura De Riso, Camillo Pignataro, Gaetano Odierna, Nicola Maio: A preliminary checklist of the species of non-marine Molluscs from the Alburni Mountains, Campania, Southern Italy (Mollusca Gastropoda Bivalvia). In: Biodiversity Journal. 6 (1), 2015, pp. 377-392. (PDF)
  5. ^ Roy Anderson: Annotated list of the non-marine Mollusca of Britain and Irelland. In: Journal of Conchology. 38: 6, 607, 2005 Online at ResearchGate
  6. ↑ Alena Peltanová, Adam Petrusek, Petr Kment, Lucie Juřičková: A fast snail's pace: colonization of Central Europe by Mediterranean gastropods. In: Biological Invasions. 14, 2012, pp. 759-764. doi: 10.1007 / s10530-011-0121-9
  7. ^ Wolfgang Fischer: Contributions to the knowledge of the mollusc fauna of Austria VI. Comments on Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud 1805) and Cepaea vindobonensis (Férussac 1821) in south-western Marchfeld (Lower Austria) and in Donaustadt (Vienna). In: Newsletter of the First Vorarlberg Malacological Society. 10, 2002, pp. 23-25.
  8. ↑ Alexander Reischütz, Peter Reischütz: The red mouthed heather snail Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud 1805) in the district of Korneuburg (Lower Austria). In: Newsletter of the First Vorarlberg Malacological Society. 5, 1997, pp. 26-27. (PDF)
  9. ↑ Johannes Messer: The mollusc fauna of the western Ruhr area. without date (PDF)
  10. ↑ Carsten Renker: On the occurrence of the red heather snail Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud, 1805) in northern Rhineland-Palatinate. In: Decheniana . 150, 1997, pp. 229-232.
  11. ↑ Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 14 Helicodontidae, Ciliellidae, Hygromiidae. In: Ruthenica. Supplement 2 (14), Moscow 2006, p. 1985. ISSN  0136-0027 (publication date corrected in Volume 15, p. 2115)
  12. ↑ Cernuella (Xerocincta) neglecta (Draparnaud 1805) - Red mouthed heather snail on Mollbase
  13. ^ K. Lill, Walter Wimmer: Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud 1805) from three localities in East Lower Saxony (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). In: Communications of the German Malacological Society. 58, 1996, pp. 17-21.
  14. ↑ Red-mouthed heather snail (Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud, 1805)) on the Saxon molluscs website
  15. ↑ Cernuella neglecta on the Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel website (French)
  16. ↑ Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud) on the CSIRO website
  17. ↑ H. négligée H. neglecta. In: Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud: Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Ouvrage posthumous. Paris / Montpellier, Plassan, Renaud. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org, p. 108. or Plate 1, Fig. 13
  18. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Cernuella (Xerocincta) neglecta (Draparnaud 1805)
  19. ^ Giuseppe Manganelli, Nicola Salomone, Folco Giusti: A molecular approach to the phylogenetic relationships of the western palaearctic Helicoidea (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 85, 2005, pp. 501-512. doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8312.2005.00514.x
  20. ^ B. Páll-Gergely: Cernuella neglecta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T156627A4974879. doi: 10.2305 / IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T156627A4974879.en .

Web links

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