Red-rimmed flat beetle

Red-rimmed flat beetle
Red- rimmed flat beetle ( Peltis ferruginea ), photographed in Ruda u Rýmařova , Czech Republic
Systematics
Order : Beetle (Coleoptera) Subordination : Polyphaga Family : Hunting beetle (Trogossitidae) Subfamily : Flat beetle (Peltinae) Genre : Peltis Type : Red-rimmed flat beetle
Scientific name
Peltis ferruginea
( Linnaeus , 1758)

The red-rimmed flat beetle ( Peltis ferruginea ) is a beetle from the hunting beetle family (Trogossitidae). It belongs to the subfamily of the flat beetles (Peltidae). In older publications one also finds the name Ostoma ferruginea .

Fig. 1: Top view	Fig. 2: Front view
Fig. 3: Underside, on the left with legs drawn up and antennae attached, on the right with legs and antennae stretched out
Fig. 4: side view	Fig. 5: left lower jaw, middle lower lip, right upper jaw
Fig. 6: Middle tarsi claw segment, left from below, right from front, below left onychium tinted green	Fig. 7: Puncturing the collar (above corresponds to the front)
Fig. 8: Detail of the wing cover; S: seam, 2,4,6: raised longitudinal ribs

Notes on the name

The first description is the description of the beetle in 1758 by Linné under the name Silpha ferruginea in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae , because this was defined as the starting point of the binomial nomenclature . However, Linnaeus himself refers to his earlier description in the Fauna Svecica in which he describes the beetle under the number 387 with the name Cassida ferruginea . This is worth mentioning because both the genus Cassida of the tortoise beetles and the genus Silpha of the carrion beetles are very similar in shape to the red-rimmed flat beetle . He, too, can protectively retract antennae and legs under the pronotum and the wide elytra (Fig. 4). The specific epithet ferruginea refers to the rust-colored color of the beetle. On the sides of the pronotum and the wing covers the skeleton is translucent and the color therefore appears more red-brown than rust-brown, which explains the German-speaking part of the name Rotrandig- . The genus name Ostoma the on Laicharting back in 1781, after Schenkling of give a wiki. ώον oón for egg, and τομή, tomē for cut and refers to the oval shape. Von Leicharting himself does not explain the name, but gives it the German name Beinkäfer . Accordingly, the name is derived from οστούν, ost (o) un for bone, leg. Laicharting lists Ostoma ferruginea as the second species as the rust-colored leg beetle , which he does not consider to be Linnaeus' Silpha ferruginea . He names this beetle as the first species of the genus with Ostoma rubicunda and in German Rother Beinkäfer. Kolibáč revised the beetle family Trogossitidae in 2013 and placed the species Peltis ferruginea in the family Peltidae. Urban describes the taxonomic history of the name and suggests instead of the now incorrect trivial name "Rotrandiger Schild-Jagdkäfer" the trivial name "Rotrandiger Flachkäfer", which is suitable for the family.

Characteristics of the beetle

The rust-colored beetle, hairless on the top, grows seven to ten millimeters long and is reminiscent of carrion beetles and shield beetles, but is even flatter (Fig. 4). It is shiny dark brown, the flattened sides of the pronotum and the wing covers are lighter and more dull.

The head is flat dotted . The mouthparts point forward. The upper jaw (Fig. 5 right) is bilobed and angled at right angles. The lower jaw with the jaw feeler and the lower lip with the lip feeler are also shown (left and center in Fig. 5). The antennae are eleven-limbed and end with a loose three-limbed club.

The pronotum is twice as wide as it is long. At the base it is about as wide as the elytra together, towards the front it narrows outwards to a little over the head width. The pronotum has umbilical points which become sparse in the middle and converge to form wrinkles on the sides (Fig. 7). The semicircular label ( scutellum ) is clearly dotted.

The wing covers have three very distinctive longitudinal ribs. Between the seam (in Fig. 8 S) and the first rib, as well as between the ribs, there is a flatter rib that tapers earlier towards the back. Between these six ribs there are two rows of distinctive points. The epipleures of the wing covers (Fig. 3) are wide and flat up to the wing cover tip. Front and middle hips are clearly separated, the rear hips touch. The legs are strong. The tarsi are all five-limbed with a small first and a very long last limb. The onychium, an extension between the claws, is formed as a pair of bristles in the claw members (Fig. 6).

Occurrence

The species used to be considered Palearctic , meanwhile a number of species from North America have been synonymous with it, resulting in a Holarctic distribution. The red-rimmed flat beetle likes warm places, but occurs at altitudes up to 2500 meters above sea level. You can find it on fungal coniferous logs on which the sun shines, in cracks and under loosened bark. In Germany only a few occurrences from Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Brandenburg and Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia are known. The beetle is said to be a jungle relic; of the flat beetles, it is one of the most insensitive to the cold.

Way of life

Fungal mycelium-containing wood is used as food for the larvae, while the adult beetles eat both the mycelium and occasionally the fruiting body of mushrooms, for example the red-rimmed tree sponge ( Fomitopsis pinicola ) and the brown pine ( Phaeolus schweinitzii ).

Systematics and taxonomy

The genus Peltis combines a number of primeval (plesiomorphic) and derived (apomorphic) morphological features and therefore caused considerable difficulties in systematic classification until the introduction of phylogenomic methods. Today it is, as the only genus, placed in a tribe Peltini. The species was first described by Linnaeus as Silpha ferruginea , so it was erroneously classified as a carrion beetle because of the matching, flattened body shape . Later it was sorted for a long time in a genus Ostoma Laicharting, 1781 (as red-rimmed shield-hunting beetle ( Ostoma ferruginea )), of which it was a type species; in the meantime Ostoma has been synonymous with Peltis .

literature

• Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 7 . Clavicornia. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1967, ISBN 3-8274-0681-1 , p. 17 .
• Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch. K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition, p. 210 (as Peltis ferruginea ).
• Georg Möller, Reiner Grube, Ekkehard Wachmann : Beetles in and around the forest. (The Fauna Beetle Leader; Volume 1). Fauna Verlag, Nottuln 2006, p. 100, ISBN 3-935980-15-9 .

Web links

Commons : Red- rimmed flat beetle ( Peltis ferruginea )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Peltis ferruginea in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Carolus Linnaeus: Systema Naturae .... 1st volume, 10th edition, Stockholm 1758 p. 365: 361 No. 18 ferruginea
2. ↑ Carolus Linnaeus: Fauna Svecica .... Leiden (Lugduni Batavorum) 1746 p. 141 No. 387
3. ^ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenklator coleopterologicus 2nd edition, Jena 1922 in abbreviated form
4. ^ ^{A b} Johann Nepomuk Edlen von Laicharting: Directory and description of the Tyrolean insects. 1st part, 1st volume Zurich 1781 p. 126: 104 Ostoma ferruginea
5. ↑ Patrick Urban: A zoogeographically and ecologically noteworthy beetle find in the Eggegebirge in East Westphalia: Peltis ferruginea (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Coleoptera, Peltidae) . Ed .: Mitt. ArbGem. Westphalia Entomol. tape 35 , no. 1 . Bielefeld October 30, 2019, p. 15-18 .
6. ↑ JR Barron: Review of nearctic species of Ostoma (Coleoptera, Cleroidea, Trogositidae) in Annals of the Entomological Society of America 1996, Volume 89, Number 2, p. 193 (English)
7. ↑ ^{a b} Jiří Kolibáč (2013): Trogossitidae: A review of the beetle family, with a catalog and keys. Zookeys 366: 1-194. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys.366.6172
8. ↑ Entry on ZipcodeZoo ( Memento from November 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
9. ↑ Ostoma ferruginea on entomologie.de
10. ↑ Brent J. Sinclair: Insect cold tolerance: How many kinds of frozen? in European Journal of Entomology 96, 1999, p. 159 ( PDF , English; 1.1 MB)
11. ↑ BV Krasutskii: Coleoptera associated with Fomitopsis pinicola in the forests of the Urals and Transurals. In: Entomological Review. BD. 87, No. 7, November 2007, Volume 87, (English).