Roy Yorke Calne
Sir Roy Yorke Calne (born December 30, 1930 in London ) is a British surgeon and organ transplant pioneer.
biography
Calne attended Lancing College , was trained at Guy's Hospital in London with a degree in 1953. He then practiced at Guy's Hospital for a year and was a surgeon in the Army (Royal Army Medical Corps) from 1954 to 1956. He then spent two years as an orthopedic surgeon in Oxford.
Calne began his research on organ transplantation in 1959 at the Royal Free Hospital , where he experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of immunosuppression in kidney transplants in dogs (6- mercaptopurine ).
In 1960/61, Calne was a Harkness Fellow at Harvard Medical School and at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston with Joseph Murray , who in 1954 carried out the first successful kidney transplant in humans (between the twins Richard and Ronald Herrick). With Murray and George Hitchings (from Burroughs-Wellcome ) he continued the testing of immunosuppressants there, which led to the development of Imuran . During this time Calne and Murray also tried out the use of azathioprine , and in 1962 Murray succeeded in transplanting through immunosuppression even in genetically non-identical individuals.
On his return to England, Calne was appointed lecturer in surgery at St. Mary's Hospital in London and in 1962 at Westminster Hospital. From 1965 he was professor of surgery in Cambridge . He was also an Honorary Consultant Surgeon at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge. There he developed kidney and later liver transplant techniques. He is currently (2010) a professor at the National University of Singapore.
Services
At the end of 1977, Calne and the blood cancer specialist Ray Powles received the test substance developed by Hartmann Stähelin and Jean-François Borel from the pharmaceutical company Sandoz for clinical pilot trials with cyclosporine A. Calne used the new substance for the first time for immunosuppression in a transplant. After a series of tests in 1978, it was introduced into clinical practice and revolutionized the chances of success in transplants.
As a surgeon, Calne performed the first liver transplant in Europe in 1968. In 1987 he was the first to transplant liver, heart and lungs at the same time. In 1992 he performed the UK's first intestinal transplant and in 1994 the first successful combined liver, intestine, pancreas, stomach and kidney transplant.
In addition to books on surgery, such as an early standard kidney transplant textbook (1963), he also wrote a book on the dangers of overpopulation ( Too many people ).
Awards
In 2001 he received the König Faisal Prize for Medicine. In 1973 he was elected to the Royal Society . Since 1993 he has been a full member of the Academia Europaea . In 1984 he received the Lister Medal (Lister lecture 1985: Organ transplantation from laboratory to clinic ). In 1990 he received the Ellison-Cliffe Medal of the Royal Society of Medicine, in 1992 the Ernst Jung Prize in Medicine and in 2012 the Lasker ~ DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award . In 1986 he was raised to the British nobility as a Knight Bachelor and since then has been given the suffix "Sir". He is represented by a portrait of John Bellany (1991) in the National Portrait Gallery and also paints himself.
Fonts
- Gift of Life. Observations on organ transplantations , Basic Books 1970
- A gift of life , German Organ Transplantation Foundation, Neu Isenburg 1992 (with images of paintings by Calne on the occasion of a traveling exhibition in Germany)
- with Harold Ellis Lecture Notes on General Surgery , 12th edition, Blackwell Publishing 2011
- The ultimate gift. The story of Britain's premier transplant surgeon , London, Headline 1998
- Renal transplantation in man , London, Arnold 1963
- Color Atlas of Renal Transplantation , Mosby 1984
- A Color Atlas Of Surgical Anatomy Of The Abdomen , Mosby 1988
- Color Atlas of Liver Transplantation , 1985
- Editor Immunological aspects of transplantation chirurgy , Wiley 1973
- Editor: Transplantation immunology - clinical and experimental , Oxford University Press 1984
- Editor Liver transplantation. The Cambridge-Kings College Hospital experience , New York 1983
- Publisher Clinical organ transplant , Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publ., 1971
- Too many people , London, Calder Publications 1994
Web links
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Calne, Roy Yorke |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | British medic |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 30, 1930 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | London |