Rudolf Bode

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Rudolf Fritz Karl Berthold Bode (born February 3, 1881 in Kiel , † October 7, 1970 in Munich ) was a German educator and founder of expressive gymnastics. His main concerns were the holistic nature of movement, its rhythmic design and the interaction of body and soul.

Life

Bode, son of a merchant Kiel, studied 1901-1904 at the Conservatory of Leipzig and at the same 1901-1906 at the university and graduated with a thesis on the time thresholds for tuning fork tones middle and lower intensity in 1906 from. He first worked as a pianist, 1907–1908 as a répétiteur at the Stadttheater Kiel, 1908–1909 as Kapellmeister at the Stadttheater Kaiserslautern, 1909–1910 as Kapellmeister and choir director at the Stadttheater Heidelberg and 1910–1911 as a teacher at the educational institution of Émile Jaques-Dalcroze in Hellerau .

In 1909 Rudolf Bode and Elly Drenkmann married. The marriage also became a working group, in which Elly Bode took over the management of the Bode School from 1935 , from which the educational center for German dance developed in Munich from 1938 . In October 1911 they founded the Bode School for rhythmic gymnastics in Munich, where he also taught piano and music theory and which is now the oldest school for gymnastics in Germany. On August 11, 1922, the “Bodebund für Körpererbildung” was founded in Jena with Hinrich Medau as chairman. The Bode-Bund expanded very quickly in the period that followed, so that, in addition to the school in Munich, other locations were created in Berlin, Bremen and Breslau. In the spring of 1925 his teachers were already giving courses in 26 cities; some of them were attended by over a hundred participants. In his writing Rhythm and Physical Education , he made particular reference to the philosopher Ludwig Klages .

Bode joined the NSDAP in 1932 . During the Nazi era , Bode was the head of the “Gymnastics and Dance” student body in the Reich Association of German Gymnastics, Sport and Gymnastics Teachers. In 1933 he became a group leader in the Kampfbund for German culture . In 1935 he became the technical director of the Reichsschule des Reichsnährstand in Burg Neuhaus near Braunschweig until the school closed in 1939. He developed the Neuhaus gymnastics, a form of compensatory gymnastics for farmers. After the war, Bode was classified as a fellow traveler.

In 1948 the "Bodebund für Rhythmische Gymnastik" was re-established. On October 1st, 1951 the Bode School in Munich reopened. On March 31, 1970 the school held its first course in jazz gymnastics in Munich.

Expressive gymnastics

Rudolf Bode was guided by the nature of the original natural movements. This originality is lost through wrong upbringing or one-sided activity. The task of gymnastics is to restore the natural course of movement as an expression of inner experience.

It summarized its idea of ​​gymnastics as follows:

  1. The law of wholeness
    The movements start from the center of gravity, the trunk, and are transferred to the whole body. The whole person is involved in every movement. The inner experience finds its expression in the holistic movement.
  2. The law of rhythmic alternation
    The alternation of tension and relaxation in movement and the three-phase nature of the sequence of movements. Each movement is divided into a backward movement (upbeat), discharge (emphasis) and finish (outfeed movement, downward stroke).
  3. The law of economy
    A holistic movement results in maximum performance with relatively little effort.
  4. The law of physical-mental interaction with the principle of expression
    The interaction of experience and movement, from inside and outside, leads to the concept of expressive gymnastics.

The swing movements created by Bode demonstrate these laws. The swing movements capture the whole person, who moves economically between tension and relaxation in the course of the three-phase process.

Works

  • Tasks and goals of rhythmic gymnastics Verlag der Ärztlichen Rundschau Otto Gmelin, Munich 1913, 2nd edition CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Munich 1923, 3rd edition 1933.
  • The rhythm and its meaning for education Verlag Eugen Diederichs, Jena 1920.
  • Expression Gymnastics CH Beck publishing house, Munich 1922, 2nd edition 1924, 3rd edition 1925, 4th edition 1926, 5th edition 1933 Dutch translation Uitdrukkingsgymnastiek 1923, English translation Expression Gymnastics 1,931th
  • Rhythm and physical education Verlag Eugen Diederichs, Jena 1923, 2nd edition 1925.
  • The lively in physical education CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1925.
  • New ways in physical education CH Beck´sche Verlagbuchhandlung, Munich 1926.
  • Music and Movement Bärenreiter Verlag, Kassel 1930, 2nd edition Chr. Friedrich Vieweg, Berlin 1942, 3rd edition Wilhelm Limpert Verlag, Frankfurt / Main 1953, 4th edition Walter Kögler Verlag, Stuttgart 1967.
  • The basic exercises in physical education Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel 1930, 2nd edition 1936.
  • Rhythm and stroke CH Beck´sche Verlagbuchhandlung, Munich 1933.
  • Movement and design. From the cultural tasks of physical education. Widukind-Verlag, Berlin 1936.
  • Energy and rhythm Blut und Boden Verlag, Goslar 1939.
  • Neuhaus-Gymnastik Blut und Boden Verlag, Goslar 1943.
  • Rhythmic Gymnastics W. Limpert Verlag, Frankfurt / Main 1953, 2nd edition 1957.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ marriage certificate
  2. ↑ Communications of the Bodebund für Körpererbildung 1/1922.
  3. ↑ Bernd Wedemeyer-Kolwe: "The new person". Physical culture in the German Empire and in the Weimar Republic. Würzburg 2004, p. 48, ISBN 3-8260-2772-8 . [1]
  4. ^ Sabine Huschka: Merce Cunningham and modern dance. Body concepts, choreography and dance aesthetics. Würzburg 2000, p. 46, ISBN 3-8260-1668-8 .
  5. ^ Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 61 f.
  6. ↑ Atonement from the Fürstenfeldbruck Chamber of Justice of February 10, 1948.
  7. ↑ Communication from the Bodebund 1/1948.
  8. ↑ General communications of the Bodebund from September 9, 1951.
  9. ↑ Course announcement
  10. ^ Rudolf Bode, Guidelines for Rhythmic Gymnastics, April 1957
personal data
SURNAME Bode, Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bode, Rudolf Fritz Karl Berthold (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pedagogue and gymnastics teacher
DATE OF BIRTH February 3, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Kiel
DATE OF DEATH October 7, 1970
Place of death Munich