Hornbeam deaf

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Hornbeam deaf
2009-12-08 Russula carpini R. Girard & Heinem 68764.jpg

Hornbeam deaf ( Russula carpini )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Hornbeam deaf
Scientific name
Russula carpini
R. Girard & Heinem.

The hornbeam deaf ( Russula carpini ) is a fungus from the family of deaf relatives . The rare hornbeam grows exclusively under hornbeams. It is colored even more variably than the very similar white-stemmed leather-Täubling ( R. romellii ).

features

Macroscopic features

The hat of the hornbeam pigeon is 6–10, rarely 12 cm wide and quite fleshy, but on the edge rather thin. For a long time the edge is curled up, lobed more or less wavy and at least grooved with age. The hat is very variable in color. It can be purple or purple, zoned or completely uniform in color. Sometimes it is also pale green or olive to cream-colored, mottled with spots or more or less dark green-brown. When ripe, the hat is more reddish brown or brown. Half of the greasy, shiny skin of the hat is removable.

The lamellas are wide, blunt and bulky. When ripe, they separate almost completely from the stem. They are initially cloudy yellow in color and later tend more towards orange-yellow. The spore powder is also colored intensely yolk or orange-yellow. ( IVe to Romagnesi ).

The white stem is 5–8 (-10) cm long and 1–1.5 (–2) cm wide. It is almost cylindrical in shape and spongy and hollow at the base. Similar to the mild wax puff, it also turns yellow when touched.

The flesh is white, more or less ocher on the stem. It turns yellow on wounds. The smell is slightly fruity and reminds a little of the ocher-leaved vermilion . It tastes mild and has a slight hazelnut taste, in the lamellas the deaf can taste almost spicy. The guaiac reaction is strongly positive, with iron sulfate the meat turns a cloudy pink color. The phenol reaction is normal.

Microscopic features

The spores are egg-shaped to ellipsoid, 7-11 µm long and 6.5-9 µm wide and covered with isolated, coarse warts or spines, which are sometimes doubled.

The cystidia are cigar-shaped on the lamellar surfaces and more club-shaped on the edges. They are up to 80 (100) µm long and 6-10 µm wide. The hyphal end cells of the cap skin are variable, 3–5 (8) µm wide, blunt or +/- bulbous, tortuous and rarely narrowed or teat-shaped. The Pileocystiden are cylindrical to clubbed 4–5 (9) µm wide and often several times septate. The sulfobenzaldehyde reaction is positive. Sometimes adhering, acid-resistant inclusions can also be observed directly under the membrane, which can then be misinterpreted as external incrustations .

ecology

The hornbeam pigeon, like all pigeons, is a mycorrhizal fungus that, at least in Germany, only enters into a symbiotic partnership with hornbeams.

The Täubling is therefore mainly found in light hornbeam-oak forests, but also in other mixed deciduous forests under strewn hornbeams. It can also be found in communities at the edge of the forest, on the edges of forest roads or in parks. The fungus likes fresh, loamy, clayey soils that are weakly or strongly supplied with bases and are usually relatively poor in nutrients.

The fruiting bodies appear from June to September. They are most common in July.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the hornbeam pigeon.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The Täubling is common in North Asia (Siberia, Russia-Far East ) and Europe. In Europe, it was found primarily in Western Europe, Central Europe and in southern Scandinavia.

    In Germany it occurs in all federal states, but is rather rare everywhere. The Täubling is on the Red List of the Federal Republic of Germany and is classified in the risk category RL3, but it is less common in many federal states.

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    The hornbeam pigeon is placed by M. Bon in the subsection Integriforminae , a subsection of the Polychroma section . The representatives of the subsection are mild-tasting, more or less large and robust pigeons with a variable hat color, but which is neither bright red nor whitish. Often it is brownish, reddish brown, copper colored or more or less purple, sometimes also greenish to olive. The spore powder is ocher yellow.

    Subspecies and varieties

    The following varieties or forms have been described for the hornbeam deafblings :

    • Russula carpini f. carpini R. Girard & Heinem. 1956 - nominated form
    • Russula carpini f. olens donelli 2000
    • Russula carpini f. tenella Bon 1979 - 1988 Bon placed this taxon in the rank of a variety.

    meaning

    The hornbeam deacon is edible like all mild-tasting deafness.

    literature

    • Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 978-3-443-59056-7 , pp. 42 .

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Russula carpini. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved April 3, 2011 .
    2. ↑ a b c Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988) (PDF, 1.4 MB): English translation by M. Bons Russula key: . The Russulales website. P. 69. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
    3. ↑ Russula carpini. (DOC; 2.9 MB) Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 155 , accessed on March 21, 2011 (Spanish).
    4. ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder, Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 500.
    5. ^ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula carpini. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 9, 2012 .
    6. ↑ Jan Holec & Miroslav Beran: Red list of fungi (macromycetes) of the Czech Republic. (PDF; 404 kB) In: wsl.ch. 2007, accessed September 9, 2012 .
    7. ↑ Russula carpini. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
    8. ↑ Russula carpini. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
    9. ↑ Russula carpini. Red List. Science-4-you website, accessed April 10, 2011 .
    10. ↑ Varieties and forms of Russula carpini . Retrieved April 10, 2011.

    Web links

    Commons : Hornbeam-Täubling ( Russula carpini )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files