Ocher-leaved vermilion blotch
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The ocher-leaved cinnabar deafblings ( Russula pseudointegra ) |
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| Russula pseudointegra | ||||||||||||
| Arnould & Goris |
The ocher-leaved cinnabar deafblings ( Russula pseudointegra ) is a species of fungus from the family of the deafblings relatives . The Täubling looks quite similar to the hard cinnabar Täubling, but has yellow-ocher colored lamellae when ripe. The very rare mushroom occurs in deciduous forests and is inedible.
features
Macroscopic features
The thick-fleshed hat is (5) 10-15 cm wide. In the young mushroom it is often hemispherical, then convex, later spread out. The middle is sometimes slightly depressed. The edge of the hat is often bent wavy with age, hardly grooved and often with white frosting. The hat skin is usually colored uniformly cherry red. But it can also be rich pink, scarlet to bright coral red. The center is rarely faded yellow or has ocher or orange tones. With young fruit bodies or when it rains, the cap skin is slightly greasy to sticky, later dry, dull to velvety, later smooth. More than half of it can be removed.
The lamellae are usually quite dense, they are pale ocher when young, rich yellow when ripe and sometimes have a salmon-colored sheen, with age they can darken to orange-ocher. The lamellas have grown narrow on the stem or are almost free, they are rarely forked.
The stem is 4–10 cm long and 1.5–3 cm wide and has a cylindrical shape. In youth it is floury, wrinkled and firm, but soon stuffed and finally spongy and porous. The stem often turns gray with age.
The mushroom smells pleasantly fruity, sometimes also menthol-like. Its smell is sometimes reminiscent of blackberry jam or the smell of bilious puffers. The meat tastes mild but bitter, and after some chewing it is slightly pungent and astringent (astringent). The spore powder is a rich ocher yellow ( IVb according to Romagnesi ).
The guaiac reaction is negative. Iron sulphate gives the meat a grayish discoloration and sulphovanillin causes the stalk meat to become bright red.
Microscopic features
The spores are briefly elliptical to almost spherical, 7–8.5 µm long and 6.5–8 µm wide. They are covered with low, 0.7 µm high, line-shaped connected warts, which form a rather incomplete network. The cap skin does not contain any Pileocystiden, but instead encrusted, long and fairly wide (2.7-4 µm) primordial hyphae . The hyphae contain vacuole but no membrane pigments.
The cystids of the lamellae are blunt or spindle-shaped and have an amorphous shell that envelops the cells like a jacket, whereby the tip remains free. The pleurocystids are 55–80 µm long and 8.5–13 (17) µm wide and have cell walls over 2 µm thick. The basidia are 43–60 µm long, 10–13 µm wide and have 2, 3 or 4 sterigms .
ecology
Like all deaf people, the ocher-leaved cinnabar deafness is a mycorrhizal fungus that primarily forms a symbiosis with oak , but also with beech . More rarely, it also enters into a partnership with other deciduous trees. The fungus prefers fresh, slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soils that are only moderately supplied with nutrients. It occurs on deformed brown and parabrown soils and pelosols over various parent rocks. The fungus is found preferentially in beech and mixed beech forests such as fir-rich beech, orchid-beech or woodruff-beech forests, as well as in mixed oak forests such as rascal-oak-hornbeam , the warmth-loving white fingerwort-sessile oak and the acidic hornbill -hawkweed or in oak-elm floodplain forests . The fungus can also be found in light parks. The fruiting bodies appear from July to early October. The mushroom prefers the hill and the lower mountain region.
distribution
The ocher-leaved vermilion is found in North Asia (Russia-Far East, Japan), North America (USA) and Europe. In southern Europe it is widespread from Spain to Romania and in western Europe from France to Great Britain. In Eastern Europe it is found in Belarus and Russia, and in Northern Europe it is found throughout southern Fennoscandinavia.
In Germany, the fungus is widely spread from the lowlands to the lower mountains. It is rare in many places and is on the red list in hazard category RL3.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The ocher-leaved cinnabar-deaf is placed by M. Bon in the subsection Chamaeleontinae ( Roseinae in H. Romagnesi), a subsection of the section Lilaceae (Incrustatae). The subsection contains mild deafblings with yellow spore powder and mostly velvety hat skin. Encrusted primordial hyphae with more or less clubbed or capped cuticular hyphae end cells can be seen under the microscope.
meaning
Eatable, but not tasty, roughly comparable to the hard cinnabar deaf .
literature
- H. Romagnesi: Russula pseudointegra ( French ) In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967) . MycoBank, the Fungal website. 2011 [last update]. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 68 .
- ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 471.
- ↑ Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988) (PDF, 1.4 MB): English translation by M. Bons Russula key: . The Russulales website. 88. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ^ A b Roger Phillips: Russula pseudointegra. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; accessed on May 14, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula pseudointegra - Partial Russula Database. In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed May 14, 2011 .
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula pseudointegra. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 28, 2012 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula pseudointegra. Accessed April 12, 2018 (Täubling rare: Vulnerable).
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula pseudointegra. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula pseudointegra. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Z. Athanassiou & I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula pseudo integra. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 28, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula pseudointegra in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Russula pseudointegra. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: cybertruffle.org.uk. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula pseudointegra. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved September 28, 2012 .
Web links
- Synonyms of Russula pseudointegra. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, 2011, accessed May 14, 2011 .
- Spore drawing of Russula pseudointegra by H. Romagnesi (1967). In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed May 14, 2011.
- Photos of Russula pseudointegra. In: biopix-foto.de. Retrieved June 1, 2014 .
- Russula pseudointegra. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed on June 1, 2014 (English, nomenclature and original Latin diagnosis).
- Karin Montag: The ocher-leaved vermilion in the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com. Retrieved June 1, 2014 .
