Mild wax blubber

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Mild wax blubber
The mild wax-deaf (Russula puellaris)

The mild wax-deaf ( Russula puellaris )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Mild wax blubber
Scientific name
Russula puellaris
Fr.

The mild wax-deadening ( Russula puellaris ) is a fungus from the family of deaf relatives . He is the type species of the subsection Puellarinae , a group of deafblings with a distinctive yellow-spotted stem. The small, very fragile mushroom usually grows under spruce trees.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 2–6, a maximum of 7 cm wide. The hat of young fruiting bodies is first convex, then later spread out and finally depressed. It is quite thin and fragile. The hat skin is greasy and shiny for a long time. It can be pulled off to about the middle. Young the hat is pale wine-reddish to salmon-purple, but it can also be purple to dark-reddish in color, whereby the middle is always stronger and darker in color than the edge. Sometimes the middle can also have greenish or olive-greenish tones. The colors fade more and more with age and the hat then becomes yellow-brown from the edge and usually also with yellow or rust spots. At least in old age, the edge can also be clearly bumpy.

The lamellae are initially whitish-cream-colored, but become more and more yellow and finally are saffron or orange ocher yellow. They are bulging, stand rather crowded and are very fragile. The spore powder is cream-colored to butter-yellow.

The cylindrical to club-shaped stem is 3–7 cm high and 0.5–1.5 cm wide. Soon it is riddled with cavities and extremely fragile. The initially white stalk soon begins to turn yellow and is finally completely brownish-yellow inside and out. The fungus also turns yellow very strongly on pressure points. The flesh is very tender and mild and the whole fruiting body turns brownish-yellow with age.

Microscopic features

The spores are broadly elliptical to almost spherical, 7–10 µm long and 6–9 µm wide and mostly covered with isolated warts up to 1.2 µm high. There may be occasional fine lines between the warts, but they are often completely absent.

The 6–8 µm wide pileocystids are numerous and narrowly club-shaped. They are not, or just simply, septate.

The basidia are 36–48 μm long and 10–12 μm wide with four 6–7 μm long sterigms . The numerous cystids are 50–65 μm long and 8–12 μm wide, have a bulbous or club-shaped shape and are stained blue in sulfovanillin at least in the upper third.

Species delimitation

The lack of fragile fruit bodies, its hat color and the mild flesh, which turns yellow with age, are so characteristic that this mushroom can hardly be confused with any other mushroom. Still, there are a few pigeons that can be quite similar to him. The first thing that should be mentioned here is the beech dwarf puellula ( Russula puellula ): it yellows significantly less, and its meat tastes slightly pungent. As its name suggests, this mushroom is mainly found under beeches.

Another similar species is the Scented Dwarf Bluebird ( Russula odorata ). It is a small species with a yellowish stalk. It usually smells noticeably fruity and has yolk-yellow spore powder. The fungus likes to grow in parks under oaks.

The mildly glossy deaf ( Russula nitida ) can also have a certain similarity. Its flesh does not or hardly yellow and is not so fragile, and the fungus is usually found in damp places under birch trees.

ecology

The mild wax pigeon, like all pigeons, is a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with various deciduous and coniferous trees. He preferred are spruce , but goes well with white fir ( Abies alba ), Scots pines , beeches ( Fagus sylvatrica ), oaks and other conifers into a partnership. The variety R. puellaris var. Minuta also occurs in damp places under birch trees .

The fungus is found in acidic spruce-fir forests and spruce forests, as well as in acidic mixed beech forests such as the hornbeam-beech forest, but also in the less acidic woodruff beech forest . It occurs much less often in the corresponding oak-hornbeam forests, in pine forests or Douglas fir plantations .

The fungus prefers moderately dry to fresh, water-permeable, base- and nutrient-poor soils, such as sandy soils, podzol , brown and parabrown soils over base-poor silicates, sands and sandstone, but also on limestone soils. In doing so, it avoids compacted, water-impermeable loamy soils and shows up over lime only on superficially strongly acidified topsoils with mostly thick litter and humus layers. The fruiting bodies appear between July and November, but preferably in August and September. The species occurs from the lowlands to high mountains, but prefers the lower and middle mountains.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the mild wax-blubber.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The Milde Wax-Täubling is a Holarctic species that is widespread in the temperate and boreal zone. The fungus occurs in North Asia (Asia Minor, Caucasus, West and East Siberia), North America (USA, Mexico), (Greenland), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria) and probably all over Europe. In Europe the Täubling is widespread in the south from Spain to Romania and in the west from France via the Benelux countries to Great Britain. In the north it occurs in all of Fennoscandinavia and in the east its distribution area extends as far as Belarus.

    In Germany, the fungus is moderate to common from the coast to the Alps.

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    The mild wax-deaf is placed in the subsection Puellarinae within the section Tenellae . The fruiting bodies of the pigeons from this subsection are particularly yellow on the stem. The taste is mild or slightly sharp. The stem is quite fragile and usually soon becomes hollow. The spore powder is cream-colored to yellow.

    Subspecies and varieties

    Table with the most important varieties and forms of the mild wax pollen
    variety author description
    R. puellaris var. Minutalis (Britz.) Sing. Flesh very weak, often only yellowing on the stem. The hat 2–5 cm wide, dirty pink or light wine reddish. The middle is often brownish to copper in color, also with mixed olive tones. Spores 6–8 × 5–7 µm with more or less associated warts. Under deciduous trees.
    R. puellaris var. Abietina Peck. (Blm.) The colors are sometimes darker wine-red in the middle, a little like the purple-black blubber. The hat is stronger, 5–8 (10) cm wide and relatively fleshy. The lamellae are pale, more yellowish near the edge. The stem is club-shaped and almost robust, at first white at the base and finally saffron yellow. The flesh is yellowish with a hint of orange. With a slightly fruity smell. The guaiac reaction is positive. The hat skin and spurs are like the guy. Usually found under spruce trees.
    R. puellaris f. rubida Romagn. With a more or less uniform reddish cap and broader basidia and cystidia.

    meaning

    The mushroom is edible, but the Milde Wax Täubling is one of the smallest and most fragile Täubling. It is difficult to get it out of the earth unharmed and without special precautionary measures it cannot be taken home undamaged.

    literature

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b Ewald Gerhardt (Ed.): Mushrooms Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, deafblings, milklings and other groups with lamellae . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 279 .
    2. ↑ a b c Hermann Jahn: Mushrooms all around: (Description of the mild wax bling). (PDF; 6.1 MB) In: pilzbriefe.de. Westfälische Mushroom Letters, p. 186 [No. 252] , accessed June 24, 2011 .
    3. ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
    4. ^ Roger Phillips: Russula puellaris. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on July 29, 2014 ; accessed on May 6, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rogersmushrooms.com
    5. ^ Rolf Singer : Monograph of the genus Russula . In: A. Pascher (Ed.): Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt . tape  49 , 1932, pp. 373-374 (on- line ).
    6. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula puellaris. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 28, 2012 .
    7. ↑ Belgian Species List 2012 - Russula puellaris. In: species.be. Retrieved June 7, 2012 .
    8. ^ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne and Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann and Henning Knudsen. tape 6 . Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006, ISBN 978-87-635-1277-0 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 37-59 .
    9. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
    10. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 295 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]). online ( Memento of the original from December 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    11. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula puellaris. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    12. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula puellaris. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on May 3, 2014 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    13. ^ Z. Athanassiou & I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    14. ↑ Russula puellaris. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved September 28, 2012 .
    15. ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
    16. ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN  0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( versita.metapress.com [PDF]). versita.metapress.com ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / versita.metapress.com
    17. ↑ Russula puellaris in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    18. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula puellaris. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 7, 2012 .

    Web links

    Commons : Milder Wax-Täubling ( Russula puellaris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files