Ryōgo Kubo

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Ryōgo Kubo ( Japanese 久保 亮 五 , Kubo Ryōgo ; born February 15, 1920 in Tokyo Prefecture ; † March 31, 1995 in Japan) was a Japanese physicist who dealt with statistical mechanics and theoretical solid-state physics.

life and work

Kubo studied physics at the Imperial University of Tokyo , where he graduated in 1941 and was a professor from 1954. Early on, he earned a reputation as one of the best students to ever study at Tokyo University. He had a doctorate in polymer physics and in the early 1950s worked with Kazuhiza Tomita on relaxation phenomena in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This resulted in his linear response theory for (irreversible) systems close to the thermodynamic state of equilibrium, the so-called kubo formalism (one result is the cube formula ). In it, the linear transport coefficients of the problem are related to time autocorrelation functions in the equilibrium case ( Kubo-Green relations ), in the case of NMR the susceptibility and spin-spin autocorrelation functions. Kubo also proved the general fluctuation-dissipation theorem in his Linear Response Theory .

The KMS-conditions are named after him, PC Martin and Julian Schwinger , boundary conditions for Green's functions (with analytical continuation at imaginary time, which is identified as inverse temperature) in quantum statistics for states in thermal equilibrium. It has also been extended to the (relativistic) quantum field theory, where it serves to characterize states in thermal equilibrium and has a counterpart in the theory of operator algebras (Tomita-Takesaki theory), with further applications in statistical mechanics and axiomatic quantum field theory .

Until 1981 he was a professor at the University of Tokyo, then in Kyoto. Since 1985 he was a professor at Keiō University in Yokohama . In 1981 he was a Lorentz professor at the University of Leiden .

In 1973 he received the Japanese Order of Culture and in 1977 the Boltzmann Medal . 1964/65 he was president of the Japanese Physical Society. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (since 1973), the National Academy of Sciences (since 1974), the Japanese Academy of Sciences (since 1982) and the Académie des Sciences (since 1984). In his honor, the " Kubo Ryōgo Memorial Prize " has been awarded annually to physicists up to 45 years of age since 1997 .

Fonts

  • Statistical mechanical theory of irreversible processes 1,2 , J. Phys. Soc. Japan Vol. 12, 1957, pp. 570, 1203 (Part 2 with M. Yokota, S. Nakajima)
  • Some aspects of the statistical mechanical theory of irreversible processes , in Brittin, Dunham (editor) Lectures on theoretical physics , Interscience 1959
  • Linear response theory of irreversible processes , in Statistical Mechanics of equilibrium and non equilibrium , North Holland 1965 (Proc.Symp. Aachen 1964)
  • only Hiroshi Ichimura, Tsunemaru Usui, Natsuki Hashitsume Statistical mechanics: an advanced course with problems and solutions , North Holland 1965, 7th edition 1988
  • with Ichimura, Usui, Hashitsume Thermodynamics: an advanced course with problems and solutions , North Holland 1968
  • Selected papers by professor Ryogo Kubo on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday , Syokabo, Tokyo 1980
  • with Morikazu Toda , Nobuhiko Saito Statistical physics , 1983, 1985:
    • Equilibrium statistical mechanics 1983, 2nd edition 1992 (with Toda, Saito), Springer
    • Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (with Toda, Hashitsume), 1985, 2nd edition 1991, Springer
  • Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem , Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 29, 1966, p. 255.
  • The Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem and Brownian Motion , in Kubo (editor) 1965 Tokyo Summer Lectures in theoretical physics , Vol. 1 (Many Body Theory), Syokabo / Benjamin 1966
  • Editor with Nagamiya Solid state physics , McGraw Hill 1969
  • Statistical mechanics - a survey of its 100 years , Scientia 1979, pp. 132-157

literature

  • Masuo Suzuki: Ryogo Kubo . In: Physics Today . tape 49 , no. 5 , 1996, pp. 87 , doi : 10.1063 / 1.2807635 (English).

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Laurie Brown, Abraham Pais, Pipperl (editors) 20. Century Physics , IOP 1995, with a short biography of Kubo. After that he was a professor there in 1948.
  2. ↑ Statistical theory of polymers, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 1947 to 1949.
  3. ↑ A general theory of magnetic resonance absorption, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, Vol. 9, 1954, p. 2888.
  4. ↑ Contributions to the theory were made before or at the same time as MS Green, Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Bogoljubow, Werner Heisenberg, HB Callen
  5. ^ Kubo Journal Physical Society Japan, Vol. 12, 1957, p. 570, Martin, Schwinger Theory of many particle systems I , Physical Review Vol. 115, 1959, p. 1342.
  6. ^ List of members since 1666: letter K. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 6, 2020 (French).
  7. ↑ 久保 亮 五 記念 賞 （Ryogo Kubo Memorial Prize） の 贈 呈 . Inoue Foundation for Science, 2013, accessed April 5, 2013 (Japanese).
personal data
SURNAME Kubo, Ryōgo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 久保 亮 五 (Japanese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Japanese physicist
DATE OF BIRTH February 15, 1920
PLACE OF BIRTH Tokyo prefecture
DATE OF DEATH March 31, 1995
Place of death Japan