STAT proteins
STAT proteins (Abbreviation for Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription ) are transcription factors that are found in all animals. They are involved in the immune system , cell growth and proliferation via the JAK-STAT signaling pathway . Seven STAT proteins are known in humans. Mutations in STAT genes are responsible for several hereditary diseases:
protein | Gene (HGNC) |
UniProt | Length (AA) |
process | pathology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
STAT1 | STAT1 | P42224 | 750 | Antiviral immune response; Type 1 interferon signal | Susceptibility to infections with viruses and mycobacteria |
STAT2 | STAT2 | P52630 | 851 | Antiviral immune response, type 1 interferon signal | |
STAT3 | STAT3 | P40763 | 760 | Interleukin-6 signal; Expression of the acute phase proteins during the immune response | Hyper-IgE syndrome (with recurrent staphylococcal infections) |
STAT4 | STAT4 | Q14765 | 748 | Interleukin-12 signal | Susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis |
STAT5A | STAT5A | P42229 | 794 | Prolactin signal | |
STAT5B | STAT5B | P51692 | 787 | Prolactin signal | Laron syndrome type 2 |
STAT6 | STAT6 | P42226 | 847 | Interleukin-4 signal |
Function in the JAK-STAT signal path
The binding of extracellular cytokines activates intracellular Janus kinases , which can phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues in the STAT proteins. The STAT monomers can then dimerize through their SH2 domain . The dimer is then transported to the cell nucleus where it can initiate specific gene transcription .
literature
- S. Pellegrini, I. Dusanter-Fourt: The structure, regulation and function of the Janus kinases (JAKs) and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). In: European Journal of Biochemistry Volume 248, Number 3, September 1997, pp. 615-633, PMID 9342212 . (Review).
- T. Kisseleva, S. Bhattacharya et al. a .: Signaling through the JAK / STAT pathway, recent advances and future challenges. In: Genes. Volume 285, Number 1-2, February 2002, pp. 1-24, PMID 12039028 . (Review).
Web links
- SIB: Inhibition of host STAT1 by virus , on: ViralZone
- SIB: Inhibition of host STAT2 by virus , on: ViralZone