Saad Zaghlul
Saʿd ibn Ibrāhīm Zaghlūl Pasha ( Arabic سعد بن إبراهيم زغلول باشا, DMG Saʿd b. Ibrāhīm Zaġlūl Paša ) (* July 1859 in Ibyana ; † 23 August 1927 in Cairo ) was an Egyptian politician who campaigned for Egyptian independence as the leader of the nationalist Wafd party and was Egyptian Prime Minister in 1924.
From 1873 to 1880 Saʿd Zaghlūl studied at al-Azhar University . From 1907 to 1910 he was Egyptian Minister of Education. During this time he tried to reform government agencies and founded a school for qadis , which was directly subordinate to the Ministry of Education. Between 1910 and 1912 he served as Minister of Justice.
His imprisonment on March 8, 1919 sparked strikes and mass demonstrations. On March 9, 1919, the first revolution broke out in Egypt . In Cairo , law students at al-Azhar University organized mass protests that quickly spread across Egypt. Zaghlul and three other leaders of the Wafd party were exiled to Malta . This resulted in violent clashes between Wafd supporters and the British military , in the course of which around 800 Egyptians were killed within three weeks. On April 7, 1919, the British government approved the return of the exiles.
On April 11, 1919, a delegation from the Wafd presented the demand for Egyptian independence to the Paris Peace Conference . This demand failed because the USA spoke out against it. Zaghlul was arrested again and first brought to Aden and later to the Seychelles . After independence, the Wafd was the dominant political force in Egypt for several decades. In the election of January 12, 1924, it achieved an overwhelming majority. On January 26, 1924, Zaghlul was appointed Prime Minister. After the assassination of Sir Lee Stack , the governor of Sudan , Zaghlul was forced to resign on November 24, 1924 in the wake of the Sudan crisis under British pressure.
11 years later, in 1938, a split from the Wafd, the Saadist Institutional Party SIP, which is part of the liberal tradition of the country's monarchists, named itself after the deceased. She ruled the country from October 10, 1944 to February 17, 1946.
literature
- Reinhard Schulze : Art. “Saʿd b. Ibrāhīm Za gh lūl “In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition , Vol. VIII, pp. 698a-701a.
Web links
- Newspaper article about Saad Zaghlul in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
supporting documents
- ↑ See Schulze 698b.
- ↑ See Schulze 699a.
- ↑ See Malika Zeghal: Gardiens de l'Islam. Les oulémas d'al Azhar dans l'Égypte contemporaine. Paris 1996. pp. 78f.
- ↑ John Marlowe: Sa'd zaghlul , In: Encyclopedia Britannica , Online Edition
- ↑ See Zeghal 76.
- ↑ online party name: al-Hayʾa al-Saʿdiyya
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Zaghlul, Saad |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Zaghloul, Saad; Zaghloul Pasha ibn Ibrahim, Sa'd |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Egyptian politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 1859 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Ibyana |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 23, 1927 |
| Place of death | Cairo |