Sackheim

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Wall fortifications and cities of Königsberg (1626)

Sackheim was a district of Königsberg , east of Löbenicht . The oldest of the electoral freedoms was initially not a unified urban area.

Surname

The name is derived from Prussian : "saks" (pine resin) and "kaimas" (village). In the coat of arms , the Sackheim carried the Lamb of God with the red flag of the cross on a green field.

location

In contrast to the Lomse , the terrain was raised and criss-crossed by fields and forests. At first it only extended to the Lithuanian Church , but expanded more and more towards the old town. There was the Sackheimer Tor on Sackheimer Straße, the Sackheimer church and the provost church (Königsberg) .

history

Sackheim was an old village that had its own court books as early as 1326. In the 16th century, Sackheim suffered from epidemics, plague, famine and fire that it burned down three times. In addition, the poorly protected land was often devastated by enemies. In addition, high taxes and levies put pressure, even the poorest farm girl had to pay five groschen. In 1764 there was a conflagration on the Laak , which spread to Sackheim, where 369 houses and 49 granaries were burned.

While the inner city districts were predominantly populated by Germans, Sackheim and Roßgarten were mixed ethnically: Sackheim was mainly inhabited by the Prussian-Lithuanian-speaking population and in Roßgarten by the Curon-Latvian-speaking population. The private buildings, predominantly inhabited by German citizens and nobles, are described as "strange" because the builders allowed themselves to be influenced by all conceivable historical directions, so that no house stylistically matched the neighboring house.

In the Sackheim was the Litthauische Baum , a customs post on the Pregel , at which all goods arriving on the water from Labiau were checked. The goods coming from the country had to be delivered to the packing yard or to the crane office. The midwifery institute was established in 1793.

In 1802 Sackheim was only poorly developed. The city map from 1931 shows a detention center , the Lithuanian elementary school , several elementary schools , a girls' school , a lyceum , an infirmary , an orphanage and the east fire station .

"In the old town the power,
in the Kneiphof the splendor,
in the Löbenicht the field,
on the Sackheim the rascals."

- Königsberg verse

Sacred buildings

see also : List of sacred buildings in Kaliningrad

  • The foundation stone for the Sackheimer church , which is located near the Catholic Church , was laid in 1638, whereby the Catholics supported by the Polish court raised many objections. After a number of difficulties, the first service was held in 1648. The church burned down in 1764, but was consecrated again in 1769. The tower, completed in 1771, had the coat of arms of Sackheimer Freiheit on the top.
  • The Lithuanian church was dedicated before the Reformation of St. Elizabeth and was also not far from the Saint. Elizabeth dedicated nunnery. The land on which the monastery stood was donated to Löbenichtschen Hospital so that it could bury its dead in the Lithuanian cemetery. The Lithuanian Church was intended for the Baltic population in 1550 and rebuilt in 1576.
  • The Friedenskirche was on Friedmannstrasse.

literature

  • Caspar Stein : The old Königsberg. A detailed description of the three cities of Königsberg including their suburbs and freedoms as they were in 1644. Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-931577-14-7 (Königsberg 1911).
  • Adolf Bötticher : The architectural and art monuments of the province of East Prussia. Issue 7: Königsberg. Koenigsberg 1897.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Revised by Ernst Gall , Bernhard Schmid , Grete Tiemann: Deutschordensland Prussen. German art publisher, Berlin 1952.
  • Anatolij Bachtin, Gerhard Doliesen: Forgotten culture. Churches in North East Prussia. A documentation. 2nd Edition. Husum 1998, ISBN 3-88042-849-2 .
  • Jan Przypkowski (Ed.): East Prussia - Documentation of a historical province. The photographic collection of the Provincial Monuments Office in Königsberg. Warsaw 2006, ISBN 83-89101-44-0
  • Fritz Gause : Königsberg in Prussia. Leer 1987.
  • Ludwig von Baczko : An attempt at a history and description of Königsberg. Koenigsberg 1804.
  • Friedrich Leopold von Schroetter : Map of East Prussia with Prussian Litthauen and West Prussia with Netzedistrict 1796–1802. Historical-Geographical Atlas of the Prussian Country. Steiner, Wiesbaden.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The collection is published by the German Historical Institute in Warsaw , the Institute for Art Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences , the Olsztyn State Archives and the Museum of Warmia and Mazury .

Web links

Coordinates: 54 ° 42 ′ 37.8 ″  N , 20 ° 31 ′ 51.7 ″  E