San Domenico (Chioggia)

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Coordinates: 45 ° 13 ′ 22 ″  N , 12 ° 17 ′ 1 ″  E

San Domenico

The Chiesa di San Domenico is a church in Chioggia in the metropolitan city of Venice , Veneto region . It is located on a small island that forms the northeastern part of Chioggia. The island can be reached via a bridge over the "Canale di San Domenico".

Your onshore access to San Domenico is via a bridge over the "Canale di San Domenico".

history

The island on which the church is located was formerly owned by the Benedictine monks . At the beginning of the 13th century they were taken over by the Dominican preachers , who built a convent there in 1287 with a Romanesque basilica , consecrated to Dominic , with a smaller footprint. After it was demolished in 1745, it was built according to a plan by Pietro Pelli until 1762 on the current area. The square bell tower and a double bell cell were built in the 14th century. In 1797 the aristocratic republic of Venice dissolved and was occupied by the French under Napoleon Bonaparte and annexed to Austria from 1798 to 1805 . With the secularization of 1806 under Eugène de Beauharnais the tax privileges were withdrawn from the monasteries and the convent buildings were used as barracks. From 1805 to 1814 Venice was part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy . The Jesuits then used the convent buildings.

The church underwent radical changes in the 18th and 19th centuries. The interior of the church has a single nave with a choir and a few side chapels.

San Domenico
San Domenico

Furnishing

Several valuable paintings have been preserved, including:

  • San Paolo stigmatizzato (Saint Paul with his breast pierced by the cross), the last known work by Vittore Carpaccio , dated 1520. The unusual depiction refers to a passage in Paul's letters ( Galatians 6:17  EU ), cf. Stigmatization .
  • The crucified Jesus appears to Thomas Aquinas and speaks to him about Jacopo Tintoretto .
  • L'Orazione nell'orto ( Christ on the Mount of Olives ) by Luigi Benfatto , called Alvise dal Friso (1551–1611), above the door.
  • Battaglia contro gli Albigesi ( Battle against the Albigensians ) by Pietro Domini , oil on canvas.
  • La Pietà ei Santi (The Pietà and the Saints) by Leandro Bassano .
  • A crucifix sculpture from the 14th century with a carved pelican on the tip, which symbolizes the sacrifice of Christ on the cross, venerated by the local population . The large cross made of tree trunks was carried in procession outside the church six times, each time the church portal had to be torn down and rebuilt.

1911 Cholera quarantine location

When the parish archives were reorganized in 2011, Professors Cesare Mantovan and Luciano Bellemo found manuscripts that testify to the cholera epidemic that broke out in 1911. The then chaplain Caio Rossetti wrote in a report that the church of San Domenico was closed to the public by order of the prefecture, as it was adjacent to the hospital. At that time, on the island of San Domenico, next to the church, there was also a Jesuit monastery, which served as a hospital for the sick, while the quarantine station was set up in the Dominican monastery (instead of the barracks). The documents describe the epidemic from July 18 to November 1, 1911 and report 163 cases of the disease, not all of which were fatal. Among the manuscripts were correspondence between the highest secular and ecclesiastical authorities of the time: the bishop and the district commissioner who gave instructions to the rector of the church. Bishop Antonio Bassani had given the Rector of the Church authority to give absolute indulgence to all those who, for any reason, had been hospitalized in the hospital and the adjacent barracks . Other correspondence shows the provincial medical officer instructing the city authorities to close the church to the public for reasons of hygiene and prevention. The church reopened on November 17, 1911 after the wave of infections subsided. Since the epidemic had not allowed funeral ceremonies, an intercession service was celebrated for all deceased. Other documents testify that the bishop advised the rector Don Caio not to oppose the government's orders to close the church. According to a weekly newspaper at the time, the government was accused of having made little effort to prevent epidemics, but of investing in the celebrations to mark the 50th anniversary of the Risorgimento .

The authorities actually tried to create the impression that Venice was not affected by cholera. Landing ships were demonstratively inspected, cholera rumors were expressly contradicted in press releases, and the prefect had already printed information sheets from a doctors' organization confiscated. The Venetian newspapers were also involved in this disinformation campaign. Only the Austrian press and then Thomas Mann's novella Death in Venice (published in autumn 1912) drew international attention to the epidemic. Thomas Mann himself was in Venice in May 1911 and prematurely broke off his stay on June 2 to travel back to Munich.

San Domenico

A report by the US Department of Commerce states that travelers avoided Italy in 1911 because of the cholera epidemic and that this particularly hit the tourism-oriented Venice, but that in 1912 the inauguration of the rebuilt Campanile and the Biennale could take place again without such worries. Italian statistics published in 1913 state that 116 people died of cholera in the province of Venice in 1911. Davide Giordano wrote a detailed report on the 1911 epidemic that spanned the period from the first illness on May 22nd to the last on November 2nd: 605 bacteriologically confirmed infections and 262 deaths - more than double the official total.

Cholera morbidity and mortality in Venice between May 22nd and June 9th 1911

  • yellow: bacteriologically confirmed, but clinically silent, carrier of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae
  • red: number of clinically diagnosed and often bacteriologically confirmed diseases
  • black: number of cholera deaths

Web links

Commons : San Domenico (Chioggia)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ^ Il San Paolo stigmatizzato di Vittore Carpaccio (1520) [2]
  3. ↑ Gesù crocefisso sostenuto da angeli appare a San Tommaso D'Aquino, pala di Jacopo Tintoretto e bottega, [3]
  4. ^ Church of San Domenico - Il Portale ufficiale di Chioggia Sottomarina Isolaverde - Sottomarina district of Chioggia [4]
  5. ↑ Cento anni fa l'epidemia di colera che colpì Chioggia , in: La nuova di Venezia e Mestre , August 28, 2011, [5] (Italian).
  6. ^ Thomas Rütten, Cholera in Thomas Mann's Death in Venice , in: Gesnerus 66/2, 2009, pp. 256–287, [6] . - Süddeutsche Zeitung , [7] .
  7. ^ Department of Commerce: Daily Consular and Trade Reports . Venice 1912, Venice Biennale - International art exhibition established in Venice, Italy in 1895 and considered the first of the great biennial art events. [8th]
  8. ^ Frank M. Snowden, Naples in the Time of Cholera, 1884-1911, p. 327