Sand Island (Hawaii)
| Sand Island | ||
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| Waters | Pacific Ocean | |
| Archipelago | Hawaii | |
| Geographical location | 21 ° 18 '25 " N , 157 ° 52' 45" W | |
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| length | 2.4 km | |
| broad | 1.3 km | |
| surface | 2.1 km² | |
| resident | 184 (2000) 88 inhabitants / km² |
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Sand Island is an island belonging to the city of Honolulu in the US state of Hawaii . It is located at the entrance to Honolulu Harbor and covers an area of 210 hectares (520 acres ).
story
When the dredging of the port of Honolulu began in the 1840s, part of the sand was deposited on the offshore fringing reef . There was already the small sand island Kamokuʻakulikuli , which measured four ha (ten acre) at low tide and two ha (five acre) at high tide. A quarantine law had already been passed in 1839 , which required ships carrying contagious diseases to be flagged in yellow during the day upon arrival on the Sandwich Islands .
In 1872, King Kamehameha V declared the island a quarantine station for immigrants who wanted to work on the sugar cane plantations. At that time it consisted of just a raised platform made of sand and rubble for the station, a quay with a protective wall made of concrete and a low, boggy area on a reef. Kamokuʻākulikuli got bigger and bigger due to the port dredging. In 1906 it had grown to 15.4 hectares (38 acres) and housed two hospitals and a crematorium . It was the largest quarantine station in the United States at the time. After more sand was poured in and a lighthouse was built in 1910, it was called "Sand Island".
With the outbreak of World War II , control of the island passed to the United States Department of War . The US Navy filled it to the west to a size of 208.8 hectares (516 acres). After the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the proclamation of martial law on December 7, 1941, the island was converted into an internment camp for Japanese , German and Italians - including those with US citizenship - from May 1942 . Among the inmates was the Austrian Alfred Preis , architect of the USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor. Bottomless tents were later replaced by newly built barracks. In March 1943, the inmates were transferred to Honouliuli Detention Center on O'ahu. In 1945, a 46 acres (18.5 hectare) US Coast Guard base was established at the lighthouse.
In 1959, the US Army transferred Sand Island to the Territory of Hawaii until it was transferred to the State of Hawaii in 1963. The island was accessible to vehicles via a causeway. In 1962 the US Army Corps of Engineers built a two-lane drawbridge . It was in operation until the late 1980s when a new four-lane concrete bridge was built to handle the sharp increase in traffic.
In 1976, Governor Ariyoshi passed the Honolulu Harbor Master Plan 1995 , which provided for the establishment of most of the container facilities in the port of Honolulu on Sand Island. They are used by the Matson Navigation Company on 63.5 hectares (157 acres) to this day. An area of 56.7 hectares (140 acres) has been earmarked for Sand Island State Park on the southern side. In July 2020, US online mail order company Amazon acquired 14.5 acres of land on Sand Island to “use it for the future needs of its network”.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Sand Island Shore Protection, Honolulu, Hawaii, Detailed Project Report and Environmental Impact Statement (PDF) Northwestern University, 1983, p. 1
- ↑ Sand Island Honolulu Star Bulletin, February 15, 1964, accessed July 25, 2021.
- ^ Alfred Preis, from Vienna to Hawaii kurier.at, January 31, 2021, accessed on July 26, 2021 (German)
- ^ Sand Island, O'ahu Hawaii German American Internee Coalition, accessed July 25, 2021
- ↑ Internment Camps in Hawaii hawaiiinternment.org, accessed on July 25, 2021 (English)
- ↑ History mybase.com, April 20, 2020, accessed on July 26, 2021
- ↑ Peter T. Young: Kamokuʻakulikuli imagesofoldhawaii.com, September 1, 2014, accessed on July 25, 2021 (English)
- ^ Grants for Domestic Offshore Communities Seaport Development Act of 1977 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 1978, p. 35
- ^ Sand Island Shore Protection, Honolulu, Hawaii, Detailed Project Report and Environmental Impact Statement (PDF) Northwestern University, 1983, p. 14
- ↑ Amazon buys 14-acre property in Sand Island for ... well, it won't say hawaiinewsnow.com, July 17, 2020, accessed on July 25, 2021