Sanjak Ohrid

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
As the sanjak capital, Ohrid was not only an administrative but also a religious center of the area. Especially many dervishes were drawn to the city, where they founded two Tekken . The picture shows the Mohammed-Hadschi-Hayati-Tekke (right next to the Zeynel-Abedin-Pascha Mosque).

The Sandschak Ohrid ( Turkish Ohri Sancağı ; albanian  Sanxhaku i Ohrit ; Bulgarian Охридски санджак Ohridski Sandschak ; macedonian Охридски санџак Ohridski sandžak ) was a 1395 erected Sandschak (a division in the County Administration) of the Ottoman Empire . Ohrid was the capital.

history

The sanjak Ohrid was one of the oldest sanjaks of Eyâlets Rumelia . In the beginning Bitola ( Turkish Manastır ) was the capital of the administrative unit, which is why sources are sometimes referred to as Sanjak Monastir or Sanjak Bitola .

In 1406 Junayd of Aydın , the last Emir of Aydın , was Sanjak- Bey of Ohrid. 1464 followed Şeremet Bey for one year as Sandschak-Bey Ballaban Badera , known for his battles against Skanderbeg .

While the Turkish historian Halil İnalcık took the view that the Sanjak Elbasan was established after the construction of the Elbasan Fortress in 1466, evidence from the contemporary Ottoman chronicler Tursun Bey suggests that Elbasan first belonged to the Sanjak Ohrid.

In 1466 the then Archbishop of Ohrid, Dorotheus, his clergy and boyars were exiled to Istanbul , perhaps because of their anti-Ottoman activities during the Skanderbeg uprising, which lasted over 24 years. A year later, numerous Christians from Ohrid, Üsküb , Serez and Kesriye were deported to Elbasan.

The detailed tax register from 1519 mentions the judicial districts ( Turkish kaza ) of Ohri , Debre , Akçahisar and Mat for the sanjak Ohrid . Four cities, six fortresses, 849 villages, 32,648 Christian and 623 Muslim families were counted.

Peasants from the sanjak area of ​​Ohrid took part in the peasant uprising of Mariovo and Pirlepe for one year in 1564 . Due to ongoing unrest in this sanjak, it was proposed on July 25, 1571 to divide the sanjak Ohrid in half in order to increase public safety.

The 1583 Tax Register lists three judicial districts and 13 Nahiye . After a later expansion, the sanjak had 22 Nahiye , 6 in what is now North Macedonia and 16 in what is now Albania . There were significant numbers of ethnic Albanians in the Sanjak Ohrid.

In 1613 the Ottoman authorities ordered the demolition of all newly built churches in the villages of Sanjaks Ohrid. In the middle of the 17th century the Ottoman writer Evliya Çelebi devoted an entire chapter in his Seyahatnâme to the sanjak Ohrid.

In autumn 1794, Kara Mahmud Bushati joined the sanjak Ohrid to his semi-autonomous Paschalik Shkodra . Between 1796 and 1797, Ahmed Muhtar Pasha , the son of Tepedelenli Ali Pasha , ruled the Sanjak. From 1820 to 1831 another member of the Shkodran Bushati family, Mustafa Raschid Pascha Bushati , ruled the sanjak.

The administrative structure of the Eyâlets Rumelia was reformed on the basis of the Hatt-ı Şerifs of Gülhane of June 21, 1836 and the territories of the Sanjaks were significantly changed, while the Sanjak Ohrid became an Arpalik the Valide Sultan . Until 1864 it was still part of the Eyâlet Rumelien, which was now called Eyâlet Manastir, while the judicial district of Kruja had previously been added to the Sanjak Shkodra. After the establishment of the Vilayets Manastir in 1864, the Sanjak Ohrid ceased to exist and was incorporated into the Sanjak Manastir.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Aleksandar Stojanovski: Makedonija vo turskoto srednovekovie . od krajot na XIV-početokot na XVIII BC In: Biblioteka Minato . Kultura, Skopje 1989, p. 49 .
  2. ↑ Istorisko Društvo Bosne i Hercegovine (ed.): Godišnjak . tape 4 . Državna Štamparija, Sarajevo 1952, p. 175 .
  3. ↑ Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü (Ed.): Vakıflar dergisi . Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1965, p. 138 .
  4. ↑ Halil İnalcık: From empire to republic . essays on Ottoman and Turkish social history. In: Analecta Isisiana . tape 19 . Isis, Istanbul 1995, p. 88 .
  5. ↑ Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb, Bernard Lewis, Charles Pellat, Joseph Schacht: The Encyclopaedia of Islam . tape 4 . Brill, Leiden 1973, ISBN 978-90-04-14448-4 , pp. 140 .
  6. ^ Machiel Kiel : Ottoman architecture in Albania, 1385-1912 . In: Islamic art series . tape 5 . Research Center for Islamic History, Art and Culture, Istanbul 1990, ISBN 978-92-9063-330-3 , pp. 39 .
  7. ↑ National History Institute (Ed.): History of The Macedonian People . Skopje 2008, ISBN 9989-159-24-6 , p. 133 .
  8. ↑ Nerkez Smailagić: Leksikon islama . Sarajevo 1990, ISBN 978-86-01-01813-6 , pp. 30 .
  9. ↑ Nada Bogdanov (ed.): Enciklopedija Leksikografskog zavoda . tape 4 . Zagreb 1966, p. 191 .
  10. ↑ Aleksandar Matkovski: Otporot vo Makedonija vo vremeto na turskoto vladeenje . Buni i vostanija. Misla, Skopje 1983, p. 141 .
  11. ↑ Metodija Sokoloski, Aleksandar Stojanovski: Turski dokumenti za istorijata na makedonskiot narod: kn. 1-2. Opširen popisen defter na ohridskiot sandžak od 1583 godina . In: Arhiv na Makedonija . ISBN 978-9989-622-19-9 , pp. 9 .
  12. ↑ Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite. Oddelenie za opštestveni nauki (ed.): Prilozi: Contributions . tape 7 , no. 2-9 . Akademija, 1976, p. 84 .
  13. ↑ Vladimir Stojančević: Južnoslovenski narodi u Osmanskom carstvu od Jedrenskog mira 1829. do Pariskog kongresa 1856. godine . Izdavačko-štamparsko preduzeće PTT, 1971, p. 336 .
  14. ↑ Olga Zirojević: Crkve i manastiri na području Pećke patrijaršije do 1683. godine . Istorijski institut u Beogradu, Belgrade 1984, p. 33 .
  15. ↑ Evliya Çelebi: Putopis . Svjetlost, 1967, p. 547 .
  16. ↑ Društvo istoričara Srbije (ed.): Iz istorije Albanaca . Zavod za izdavanje udžbenika SR Srbije, Belgrade 1969, p. 94 .
  17. ^ Mouton (Ed.): Archivum Ottomanicum . Peter de Ridder Press, 2007, p. 174 .
  18. ^ M. Th Houtsma: EJ Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936 . BRILL, 1987, pp. 765 .
  19. ↑ Nerkez Smailagić: Leksikon islama . Sarajevo 1990, ISBN 978-86-01-01813-6 , pp. 515 .
  20. ↑ Akademia e Shkencave e RPSH. Instituti i Historisë, Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës. Instituti i Historisë e Gjuhësisë (ed.): Studime historike . 1986, p. 91 .
  21. ^ M. Th Houtsma: EJ Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936 . BRILL, 1987, pp. 1178 .
  22. ↑ Albanološki institute and Prištini, Filozofski fakultet u Prištini. Katedra za albanologiju (ed.): Albanološka istraživanja . tape 7-8 . Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës, 1968, p. 177 .