Gentle birth

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Many methods of “gentle birth”, especially home birth, do not use epidural anesthesia, with the result that the birth is extremely painful. 1. Are there studies (!) That show that women who give birth conventionally in hospital are more traumatized than those who experience a “gentle birth”, or are these all unsubstantiated assumptions? 2. Are there any studies that show that conventionally born children are more likely to be traumatized than those born “gently”?
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A gentle birth is understood to be a birth in which the external conditions are as little traumatic as possible for both the woman giving birth and the child . These include B. a birth without technical aids, the home birth , the water birth , the use of the birthing chair as well as a corresponding birth preparation with the help of relaxation techniques or mental training.

history

In the 20th century the proportion of hospital births increased steadily, from 3% (1910) to around 99% in the 1980s. New diagnostic procedures and medical interventions have reduced the risks of childbirth and ensured the physical and psychological safety of mother and child. In the course of medicalization there was more and more the trend to view the fetus as a patient and to develop the concept of "programmed birth": If labor did not occur on the calculated due date, many clinics gave contraceptive drugs and started the birth . A “painless birth” by means of epidural anesthesia was considered to reduce risks and was used more and more frequently.

Since the late 1960s, these obstetric practices, described as degrading and traumatic for women, have been widely publicly discussed in what was then the Federal Republic of Germany. The women's health movement as well as feminist approaches in the history and social sciences criticized in particular that mother and child were degraded to objects and that birth was pathologized , “unnatural”. New demands on a natural, individual and “non-violent” birth emerged; they competed with the focus on mother and child safety. Doctors like Grantly Dick-Read , Frédérick Leboyer and Michel Odent are considered to have pioneered this “ideological change in mood”. They emphasized the emotional and relationship-oriented aspects of pregnancy and childbirth and criticized the inhumane, anxiety and stress-inducing conditions of hospital birth. The medically and technically feasible faded into the background. In addition to the obstetric practices, the place of birth and the sovereignty of the doctors were also criticized. Demands on a “family-oriented” and “gentle” birth led to the creation of birthing centers . In the second European birth center, opened in Berlin in 1987, only midwives work. The central requirement here is “the right of women to obstetrics that respects their self-determination, their competence and their dignity as well as the dignity of the newborn”. Even in the maternity wards, attention is increasingly being paid to the atmosphere of the birthing rooms. While in conventional birth doctors were seen as “makers” of the birth, in alternative obstetrics the women giving birth shape the birth process.

Gentle birth today

In modern times, due to the lack of midwives, the gentle birth is sometimes also accompanied by a doula . However, the legal options are regulated very differently in the countries of the European Union (Spain and Poland only allow one companion during the birth). Based on the therapeutic strategies of Milton Erickson and the findings of Richard Bandler and John Grinder , concepts for mental birth preparation such as hypnobirthing, positive birth or birth matters by Ina May Gaskin have enjoyed increasing popularity among women who strive for a self-determined birth in recent years . In order to experience an intervention-free birth, in addition to self-hypnosis, it is nowadays possible to buy or rent birthing pools and to take courses in preparation. In most European countries such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Italy, women who strive for a gentle birth still have to expect a financial deductible. The statutory health insurances do not completely cover the service fee or the scope of services of the midwives or doulas.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Birth, gentle. Roche Lexicon Medicine, accessed on August 17, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Mathias Hacker: Standing, crouching, kneeling: into life with gravity. Medical reasons speak against birth lying down , Die Zeit , October 7, 1983
  3. ↑ a b c d Julia Foltys: Birth and Family: Approaches to the implicit logics of couple experience. Zugl. Dissertation FU Berlin 2010; Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-01993-8 , p. 74 ff. Limited preview in the Google book search
  4. ↑ a b c Lotte Rose, Ina Schmied-Knittel: Magic and Technology: Modern Birth between Biographical Event and Critical Event. In: Paula-Irene Villa , Stephan Moebius , Barbara Thiessen (ed.): Sociology of Birth: Discourses, Practices and Perspectives. Campus, Frankfurt New York 2011, ISBN 978-3-593-39525-8 , pp. 75-100, pp. 78 ff. Limited preview in the Google book search
  5. ^ Crisis in the delivery room. Retrieved November 11, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Statement regarding Spanish doulas - European Doula Network . In: European Doula Network . October 18, 2016 ( european-doula-network.org [accessed January 25, 2018]).
  7. ↑ Informit - RMIT Training PTY LTD ( https://www.informit.org/researchers/who-is-informit ): HypnoBirthing® . In: Australian Journal of Holistic Nursing, The . tape 12 , no. April 1 , 2005 ( com.au [accessed November 11, 2017]).
  8. ↑ Jasmin Nerici: Positive Birth: You determine your positive birth experience yourself !: Attunement to a birth with joy and ease . Revised new edition. Jasmin Nerici, Mödling 2016, ISBN 978-3-200-04560-6 ( dnb.de [accessed January 25, 2018]).
  9. ↑ Birth matters: the power of birth; a midwifery manifesto; [exclusive: conversation with Ina May Gaskin about the current situation in Germany] . 1st edition Fidibus-Verl. Trompka, Murnau 2013, ISBN 978-3-943411-19-5 ( dnb.de [accessed January 25, 2018]).
  10. ↑ Jasmin Nosber (Ed.): Hypnobirthing can be the gentle way to an intervention-free birth . 2nd Edition. Cologne ( Familienimmerland.de [accessed on November 11, 2017]).
  11. ↑ Cornelia Enning: Water birth experience: Advice for parents and obstetricians . Cornelia Enning, 2003, ISBN 978-3-8025-1525-5 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  12. ↑ federal freelance midwives Germany BfHD eV - Schwangerenvorsorge- information for parents. Retrieved November 11, 2017 .