Sant'Andrea (Bergamo)
 Sant'Andrea |
|
| Basic data | |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| place | Bergamo, Italy |
| Building history | |
| architect | Ferdinando Crivelli |
| start of building | 8th century |
| Building description | |
| inauguration | 1847 |
| dedication | Apostle Andrew |
| Architectural style | Classicist |
| 45 ° 42 '11.4 " N , 9 ° 40' 6.3" E | |
The Church of Sant'Andrea is a Catholic place of worship in Bergamo , located in the upper part of the city, in Via Porta Dipinta 39. Rebuilt in the 19th century by Ferdinando Crivelli on the foundations of a previous building, it contains remarkable altarpieces by Andrea Previtali, Il Moretto , Francesco Bassano , Enea Salmeggia, Gian Paolo Cavagna, Jacopo Palma the Younger , Padovanino , Gian Giacomo Barbello and others.
history
It owes its current appearance to a project by Ferdinando Crivelli, which was built from 1837 on the remains of an early Christian cemetery basilica that existed as early as the 16th and 17th centuries. In a notarial deed dated May 5, 785, today kept in the Bergamo State Archives, it is referred to as the basilica Sancti Andreae .
A memorial plaque inside the church commemorates the discovery of a crown and a silver chalice in 1295. On July 24th, 1401, the ancient sarcophagus with the remains of three people and a tombstone from the 5th century with the names of three people was placed under the high altar found: Domno and his nephews Eusebia and Domnone. At that time they were wrongly identified as early Christian martyrs, hence the cult of Saint Eusebia of Bergamo and Saints Domno and Domneone, interpreted as "Beati Martyres" because of the acronym BM that accompanied their names, while in reality probably only "Bonae Memoriae" or "Bene Merentes" was meant. Them has Moretto dedicated a magnificent altarpiece that is still preserved inside the church.
Due to the damage caused by the construction of the Venetian walls (1561–1588), the church received from the Republic of Venice a compensation of 300 scudi , thanks to which it was rebuilt and rededicated in 1592. In 1591 it was established as an independent parish by separating the area from its neighbor San Pancrazio. Later restructuring dates back to 1689 when Bishop Daniele Giustiniani laid the foundation stone on June 23.
In 1805 the adjacent parish of San Michele al Pozzo Bianco was abolished by a decree of Napoleon and its territory was annexed to the parish of Sant'Andrea. The old church at that time was too small for a fairly large area and population. In addition, it was on a lower level than the street level of Via Porta Dipinta and was obscured by private buildings. The importance of this street has grown in the meantime as it extended beyond Porta Sant'Agostino into Via Pignolo and then into Via Borgo Palazzo. It led to Brescia and from there to Venice . For this reason, too, the most important families of the Bergamasque nobility had their magnificent palaces built along this street: Palazzo Suardo, Palazzo Da Ponte, Palazzo Grumelli, Palazzo Moroni, Palazzo Benaglio, Palazzo Sottocasa, while other noble families already lived there, such as the Passi Preposulo and the Rivola.
In 1829 the architect Giacomo Romilli was commissioned to design the complete renovation. A similar project was worked out by an engineer for the church of San Michele al Pozzo Bianco, but fortunately it was not carried out. Giacomo Romilli's project included a classicist building with a façade characterized by pilasters and a tympanum, a small hemispherical dome and a high bell tower. For reasons currently unknown, this project was not carried out. The first contacts between the church administration under the direction of Count Guglielmo Lochis, collector and head of the city of Bergamo, and the young architect Ferdinando Crivelli, both based not far from the church, go back to 1837. Crivelli worked out several plans: the first in 1838, the second in 1840. Only a third was actually made between 1840, when the demolition of the old church began, and 1847, when the church was consecrated on November 28th by Bishop Carlo Gritti Morlacchi, executed. Crivelli was essentially inspired by a project that the famous architect Giacomo Quarenghi from Bergamo had designed and implemented in 1798 for the Chapel of the Knights of Malta in the Voroncov Palace in Saint Petersburg . One element of originality is the dome, which cannot be found in the Quarenghi building and which Crivelli designed based on the Pantheon .
At the end of the work, the pre-existing paintings were placed in the aisles of the church, to which Guglielmo Lochis added two nativity scenes belonging to his own collection: one painted and signed by Enea Salmeggia in 1590, the other, Jacopo Negretti is attributed and probably, because of the stylistic proximity to the Nativity of Mary, which was made between 1591 and 1603 for the church of San Trovaso in Venice , was executed around 1603.
Structure and works
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Compared to Crivelli's project, which had a pronaos supported by Corinthian columns and crowned by a tympanum with the martyrdom of Domnione, Domno and Eusebia , the facade of the church is incomplete and appears very simple and bare. Only the three portals made of white Zandobbio marble designed by Crivelli are worth mentioning. The interior has a three-nave floor plan with a hemispherical dome and an apse on the back.
The building consists of two levels: the lower, originally designed as an underground (winter) church, was converted into a theater in 1951 by the then provost Don Antonio Galizzi in order to provide a meeting center for the parish. There were theater performances, song and music performances, and film screenings. With the decline of the population and the concentration of activities and youth pastoral care in the oratory of the Seminarino, the theater was closed and remained unused for many years. In the summer of 2018, the parish of Sant'Andrea loaned it for free use to the Theater Center of the University of Bergamo , which moved its headquarters there and organized courses in theater and theater performances by professors and students of the university.
The church hall, in which valuable works of art are kept, is located on the upper floor. The old ones include the Madonna Enthroned with the Child between Saints Eusebia, Andrea, Domno and Domneone , painted between 1536 and 1537 by Moretto, the Adoration of Christ by Andrea Previtali, painted in 1523, the nativity scene adored by the shepherds by Giovanni Paolo Cavagna, signed and dated 1605 (given by the women enrolled in the Confraternity of Santa Maria della Pace). In the gaps in the ceiling there were three paintings that are now in the sacristy , painted by Padovanino around 1630 and depicting the following: the martyrdom of Saint Andrew, the choir of happy angels and the choir of angels with musical instruments.
On the occasion of the rededication on November 28, 1847, Count Guglielmo Lochis gave the parish church a birth of Jacopo Palma the Younger, adored by the shepherds, dated around 1603, and a birth of Enea Salmeggia, venerated by the shepherds, dated 1590.
From the nearby church of San Michele al Pozzo Bianco was brought to Sant'Andrea: the glory of Saint Nicholas of Tolentino, signed by Gian Giacomo Barbell and dated 1653, the altarpiece with San Donnino by Francesco Bassano , dated around 1585, two paintings by Antonio Cifrondi, dated 1690: Christ with the Adulteress and the Last Supper.
Other works belong to the equipment campaign following the reconstruction of the 19th century: the tempera paintings in the apse with five episodes from the life of St. Andrew , which were painted from 1868 by Gian Battista Epis, a student of the Accademia Carrara ; four panels with figures of saints on a gold background, which were painted by Giovanni Pezzotta in 1881 for the new throne of the Belt Madonna ; the Way of the Cross , by Gian Battista Riva from 1898; an altarpiece with Joseph and Jesus growing up , painted by Giuseppe Riva in the late 19th century; by the same author is a canvas painting of the Madonna giving the belt to St. Monica , which covered the niche of the left side altar when the image of the Virgin Mary was removed to be placed over the said throne. It should be remembered that the statue (datable to the end of the 18th century) and the cult of the Mother of God with the Belt, typical of the Augustinian tradition, were transferred from the church of the nearby Augustinian monastery at the time of Napoleon's oppression (1797). The same happened with the image and cult of the Madonna of the Good Council , which was moved to the Church of San Michele al Pozzo Bianco.
Individual evidence
- ↑ La chiesa di sant'Andrea fuori Porta Dipinta . Bergamo Ortodossa. December 13, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
- ↑ Chiesa di Sant'Andrea Apostolo . Tripadvisor. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
- ↑ Chiesa, Oratorio, Teatro Riaperto il Sant'Andrea ( it ) Bergamo post. June 16, 2014. Accessed January 22, 2020.
- ↑ CarOLO Facchinetti: Bergamo o sia notizie patrie . Bergamo 1841 (Italian, google.it [accessed January 22, 2020]).
- ↑ a b guide Bergamo . Travelitalia. Archived from the original on January 26, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
- ↑ Redona, p. 311
literature
- Pier Virgilio Begni Redona, Alessandro Bonvicino: Il Moretto da Brescia . Editrice La Scuola, Brescia 1988 (Italian).
Web links
- Chiesa di Sant'Andrea . IBCAA Comune di Bergamo.