Santo Domingo (people)
The Kewa Pueblo (also Kiuwa , pronounced 'KEE-wah', English pronunciation:. 'Kay-Wa', to 2009 as Santo Domingo Pueblo called) are among the Pueblo peoples and speak Eastern Keres , known today as the Language isolate applies . The name is the Spanish name for Saint Dominic , the founder of the Order of Dominicans , as the Spanish named their missions after saints of the Catholic Church . Many missions in turn were set up as the nucleus of new pueblo communities or next to existing pueblos for proselytizing the Indians. In the archives, Kewa Pueblo is first mentioned as Gipuy . The pueblo is located in the southwest of the USA on the Rio Grande in New Mexico , about 40 km southwest of Santa Fe .
history
Today's Kewa Pueblo dates from around 1700. A devastating flood in 1886 destroyed a large part of the pueblo and its church. It was soon rebuilt and a new church was built in 1890, which still exists today. Floods have always been a threat to residents; at least three of their previous pueblos and two Spanish missions fell victim to the floods of the Rio Grande.
Juan de Oñate sought Kewa Pueblo in 1598 and met up with the leaders of more than thirty pueblos. Whether they fully understood that the Spaniards were claiming their land has not been recorded, but Onate believed that those gathered would have provided evidence of their loyalty to the Crown and Church.
The interpreter Alonza Catiti from Kewa Pueblo was one of the three leaders of the Pueblo uprising of 1680. The pueblo was abandoned at that time and the people moved to La Cieneguilla in anticipation of a Spanish attack. Most of them returned in 1683.
The residents of Kewa Pueblo resisted the Spanish conquest; they destroyed their pueblo and allied with the Jemez . Their village near Jemez was destroyed two years later by Diego de Vargas and many of them were taken prisoner. Some were able to flee to the Hopi villages and others who had stayed with the rebels in La Cieneguilla moved with Cochiti refugees to the land of the Acoma , where they built the new Pueblo Laguna .
Kewa Pueblo was later repopulated by de Vargas prisoners and returnees from Hopi land. There were also a number of Tano- speaking Indians from the Galisteo Basin who had fled from the Comanches .
Way of life and culture
As far as possible, the Indians pursued a policy of passive resistance to the Spaniards. Local ceremonies continued to be held clandestinely against the will of the Catholic Church. Your current defense against people who are curious about their old rituals probably dates from this time.
Kewa Pueblo has long been known as the most conservative of all pueblos and nothing has been done to this day to get rid of this title. The people are friendly but confident. In the tribe there is a high degree of agreement on government and religious matters, although there is great external pressure to change. Electricity, plumbing, and other modern day additions can be clearly seen in the pueblo, but residents resist any temptation that would change the way they live. But some time ago they expressed a desire for better education for their children.
The economy of the pueblo is based on farm work for personal use, livestock, wage labor and fire fighting. The local resources will soon no longer be sufficient to meet the needs of the growing population.
Many residents earn their living with manual labor. They make pottery and silver jewelry, but the best known is jewelry made from shells and turquoise. These necklaces (erroneously called wampum ) are very popular with Indians of other tribes; this made the inhabitants of the Kewa Pueblo to traveling traders. As early as 1850 , she was known as a trader among tribes in Oklahoma . It is not uncommon to find these Indians in distant cities selling their wares.
The US census from 2000 showed 4,282, 2,300 of them permanent residents, in the approximately 268 km² large reservation .
literature
- William C. Sturtevant (Ed.): Handbook of North American Indians , Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC
- Alfonso Ortiz (Ed.): Southwest Vol. 9, 1979 ISBN 0-16-004577-0
- Alfonso Ortiz (Ed.): Southwest Vol. 10, 1983 ISBN 0-16-004579-7
- Tom Bathi: Southwestern Indian Tribes , KC Publications, Las Vegas 1995
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Constable, Anne (March 9, 2010) "Pueblo returns to traditional name: Santo Domingo quietly becomes 'Kewa'; tribe alters seal, signs and letterhead" The New Mexican (Santa Fe, New Mexico, newspaper), available at here ( Memento from January 13, 2011 on WebCite ) on WebCite
- ↑ Tom Bathi: Southwestern Indian Tribes. Page 20. KC Publications, Las Vegas, 1997 ISBN 0-916122-01-8