Shabbat ha-Gadol

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Shabbat ha-Gadol (Heb.שַׁבַּת הַגָּדוֹל'The Great Shabbat') means the Shabbat before Passover . He is already completely under the sign of the approaching Jewish festival.

Emergence

The name “Great Shabbat” goes back to Rashi in the 11th century. There are different views on the origin of the expression: On the one hand there is a reference to the miracles in connection with the exodus from Egypt . In this regard, the Jewish Lexicon , published in 1927, notes that Shabbat is called Shabbat hagadol immediately before Passover because “the 10th Nissan , on which the Passover sacrifice was once made available in Egypt before the night of liberation ( Ex 12.3  EU ), on p. should have fallen (sb Sabb. 87b) ”. In addition , the Messianic redemption is mentioned in the Haftara that is read on that day, namely Malachi 3, 4–24  EU . The choice of this specific Haftara as an additional worship lecture in addition to the weekly Torah section expresses the popular belief that the messianic redemption of Israel will take place in the same month as the exodus from Egypt. On the other hand, Leopold Zunz in particular advocates the theory that the term “great Sabbath” has been adopted by the church fathers and is related to the Saturday before Christian Easter . In some old rabbinical sources, the Shabbatot before Shavuot and Sukkot are also called Shabbat ha-gadol .

Special features in terms of content

On Shabbat ha-Gadol , the sermon already addresses the upcoming Passover festival. It deals with the fight between Moses and Pharaoh over the release of the people, the dietary regulations or God's covenant with Israel.

In some Jewish communities it is customary to read excerpts from the Haggadah during the Minchagas service on the Shabbat before Passover . In traditional synagogues treats rabbi that day in his Drascha only the Kaschrutvorschriften that are specific for the Passover week.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Georg Herlitz and Bruno Kirschner, Jüdisches Lexikon : an encyclopaedic handbook of Jewish knowledge in four volumes , Jüdischer Verlag 1927, reprint of the first edition, Athenäum Verlag 1987, Volume 4, p. 25
  2. ↑ Fred Skolnik et al. a. (Ed.), Encyclopedia Judaica , Second Edition, Vol. 18, Keter Publishing House Ltd. 2007, p. 338.
  3. ↑ Susanne Galley, The Jewish Year: Celebrations, Commemorations and Holidays , p. 129
  4. ↑ Fred Skolnik et al. a. (Ed.), Encyclopedia Judaica , Second Edition, Vol. 18, Keter Publishing House Ltd. 2007, p. 338

literature

  • Susanne Galley : The Jewish year: celebrations, commemorative and public holidays. CH Beck, 2003, ISBN 3406494420 .
  • Georg Herlitz and Bruno Kirschner: Jüdisches Lexikon: an encyclopedic manual of Jewish knowledge in four volumes . Jüdischer Verlag 1927, reprint of the first edition Athenäum Verlag 1987
  • Pierer's Universal Lexicon . Altenburg 1857-1865
  • Fred Skolnik et al. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia Judaica . Second Edition, Vol. 18, Keter Publishing House Ltd. 2007