Chess referee

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A chess referee ignored in a chess game as a referee on strict compliance with the rules of chess, as issued by the World Chess Federation FIDE are set, and the respective tournament rules. It should also ensure that the playing conditions are consistently good and that the players are not disturbed by the audience or the opponent.

tasks

particularities

According to FIDE rule 11.1, the referee can sanction any conduct that could discredit the game of chess . A specific rule does not have to be violated.

Start of the game, cooling off times and game forms

He makes sure that both players fill out the game forms; these are often the basis for the arbitrator's decision. If there is an illegal position on the chessboard, the last permissible position of the pieces is reconstructed on the basis of the game forms and the game is continued from this position.

His primary tasks include ensuring that the game starts on time and adhering to the cooling off times . If the player of the white pieces does not arrive in time, he lets his thinking period begin; Likewise, the time for the opponent who is not present begins after White's first move has been made. When a player calls the referee, he stops the chess clock for both players. If his concern was unfounded, the referee can punish the player with an extension of the opponent's time to consider or a reduction in his own time.

Play area

The referee ensures that the location is suitable for the game to be played. In the event of external disturbances, the referee can grant one or both of the players additional time to think about it. Spectators are not allowed to enter the playing area and not interfere in ongoing games. If necessary, the referee expels the troublemakers from the tournament hall. After the game is over, the player is considered a spectator.

The referee determines the closer area of ​​play that a player may not leave without the referee's permission while it is the player's turn. Both players are also only allowed to leave the other area, the “tournament area”, consisting of rest rooms, toilets, catering rooms, smoking rooms and other previously specified rooms, only with permission. The referee also ensures that no player brings an electronic means of communication into the tournament area and that no player uses prohibited aids - such as sources of information or a second chessboard for analysis.

Game termination

In order to prevent an endless game, the referee, according to FIDE rule 9.6, declares the game to be a draw , even without complaint , if the same position has occurred five times or if no pawn has been moved or a piece has been captured for 75 moves .

Special tournament rules

In some tournaments, the referee is given additional powers. Some organizers want games that are more attractive to spectators and sponsors and therefore fewer games that end in a draw. According to the so-called Sofia rule , the referee decides whether a draw offer is permissible or whether the players have to fight the situation further.

Hanging games

The chess referees are also responsible for the correct handling of the hanging games, which rarely occur in today's tournament practice . To do this, the player must note his move , but may not take it yet. The referee keeps the secret of this move, whereupon it must be made when the game is restarted.

Sanctions

The chess referee can impose one or more of the following penalties in the event of rule violations:

  • a warning
  • extending the opponent's remaining time to consider
  • the shortening of the remaining reflection time of the player to be punished
  • the loss of the lot
  • a reduction in the number of points in the game result of the party to be punished
  • an increase in the number of points in the game result of the opponent up to the maximum number that can be achieved in this game
  • a pre-determined fine
  • exclusion from one or more rounds
  • the exclusion from the tournament

education

In the German Chess Federation , there are two levels of referee training, through two more stages in the World Chess Federation FIDE be supplemented and regionally through their own stages of the national associations:

  • With the abolition of the previous nationwide entry level tournament director , some state associations have created their own training levels. B. be referred to as an association arbitrator. A referee with such a license can be used in tournaments and team fights of the respective national association.
  • The license to become a regional referee (RSR) can only be acquired at the age of 16 at the earliest. Passing it qualifies you for assignments in the major leagues. A regional referee registered with FIDE may be used in tournaments where an Elo evaluation takes place but no norms can be achieved.
  • Training to become a national referee (NSR) can begin two years after acquiring the title of regional referee and after having played in at least three team fights or in a tournament rated by FIDE . A prerequisite for receiving the license is also the observation of three team matches, which are led by FIDE referees or international referees.
  • FIDE Arbiter (FA) is the first of the two international arbitration titles. It requires tournament practice and an examination course. Since the title has to be applied for by the respective federation (German Chess Federation), stricter rules can also be issued by the federations - for example, the German Chess Federation expects to obtain an NSR license beforehand, which would not be required by FIDE. FIDE referees can be used at events where standards can be acquired - for example in the Bundesliga .
  • International Arbiter (International Arbiter - IA) can only be a FIDE referees, the Jury (Chief Arbiter) or side referee (Deputy Arbiter) at four international standard tournaments FIDE was. His abilities will be confirmed by the chief judge (IA) or by the organizer.

Calls

In the lower leagues of team matches, neutral referees are usually not used. There are different regulations in the various regional associations. Often the team captains jointly take on the duties of referee or competition manager. Occasionally only one regular player of the home or away team (to be named before the competition), who is not supposed to be the team leader at the same time, is designated as the competition leader.

Neutral referees can be found in the federal and major leagues. In Germany, their presence is compulsory for these leagues. In addition, tournament directors and referees are deployed at official individual championships at all levels and so-called "opens" (open tournaments).

Well-known chess referees

Probably the most famous referee was the German grandmaster Lothar Schmid , who, among other things, directed the match of the century . The Belgian Albéric O'Kelly de Galway was also a highly respected referee in the two World Cup matches Petrosjan - Spassky . The most respected referee today is Geurt Gijssen from the Netherlands .

Web links