Ship mill Westerhüsen

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The boat mill Westerhüsen was a boat mill on the River Elbe in Westerhüsen , now a suburb of Magdeburg .

Location and technology

The ship mill was a few meters south of the Westerhüsen ferry . A quay wall made of large field stones protruded into the river at right angles to the bank and thus formed a small mill harbor. The rather deep harbor stretched almost to the garden wall, at the foot of the wall there was a path about one to one and a half meters wide. Two large icebreakers made sure that the ice shattered or slid onto the bank. The ship's mill was in front of the port in the Elbe and could be reached from the bank via a small jetty. The ship's mill consisted of two floating bodies, the so-called ships. On the over the web to reach home ship , the were millstones, grindstones and other utensils . There was also a small heated room with a window in which the ship miller could live. The house ship consisted of a ferry with a gable roof. Farther in the stream swam the whale or wave ship , on which the mill wheel was, which was connected to the house ship by an iron shaft. The mill wheel was dismantled before winter and both ships were pulled into port.

Upstream there was a large current anchor (to protect against drifting down with the current), downstream two wind anchors.

history

During the Thirty Years War , in addition to an existing windmill in Westerhüsen, the ship's mills on the Elbe were also destroyed. The residents of Westerhüsens therefore had to use the services of the millers in the neighboring towns of Beyendorf , Sohlen and Salbke for a long time . On October 8, 1711, the Westerhüser Schöppe Martin Böckelmann went to his friend Domvoigt Joh. Brauns and complained that the Westerhüser always had to lag behind the local flour customers of the other millers. He therefore proposed the establishment of a ship mill in Westerhüsen. He also stated that he has already been able to inspire two master millers for this task and that they are ready to hand over a wispel of rye to the supervisory authority every year . In order to be able to operate the mill economically, however, it is necessary to change the habits of the flour customers and to ensure that the Westerhüser then also buy from the new mill.

On November 9, 1711, a contract was concluded. In addition to Böckelmann, the Domvoigt also invited the two Salbker master millers, Kaspar Wieblitz and Hans Schultze, whom he had named . Sections 4 and 5 of the contract stipulated that millers from Sohlen, Beyendorf and Salbke would in future be prohibited from coming to Westerhüsen to collect their customers' grain. Böckelmann, who also acted as the village policeman, was entitled to confiscate the grain carts in the event of violations.

In 1712, at the instigation of Schöppen Martin Böckelmann, the new ship mill was built. There was fierce resistance from the miller of the Salbker monastery mill Nikolaus Nikolai , who saw his economic interests impaired by the new competition. He complained to the more influential provost of the Monastery of Our Lady and did not obey the ban, which resulted in lengthy disputes. In March 1715, the miller's boy from Salbker came across the Westerhüser community jug with the horse cart just at the time when Wieblitz, Böckelmann and other guests were excitedly discussing this question over a dawn pint. Böckelmann then stopped the cart, pushed the miller's boy down and confiscated the load. The miller's boy ran to Salbke crying. The next day Nicolai went to the provost and curator of the Monastery of Our Dear Women and described that if his Westerhüser customers were lost, his existence would be threatened and his lease would not be able to be paid. The provost then complained to the cathedral chapter about Böckelmann, the master millers and the Brauns. At the final hearing on February 8, 1716 in the subsequent process, the Westerhüser did not appear, although a fine of ten gold florins was threatened. In the judgment of December 5, 1716, the Klostermüller was right. He was allowed to collect goods from Westerhüser customers. At the same time, the Westerhüsern was forbidden to seize the corresponding loads. In practice, however, Westerhüser customers ultimately went to Schiffsmühle permanently, so that the dispute was superfluous.

The overall increase in demand quickly made it necessary to expand capacity, although Wieblitz and Schultze could not agree on this. Schultze did not want to invest any further and therefore left the project as a partner. Kaspar Wieblitz, who came from the Salbker Vikarienmühle , took over sole ownership of the mill as early as 1715 when he paid a severance payment of 460 Talers. In 1716 Wieblitz was allowed to build a windmill in the village to meet the increased demand . This mill was later called the Böckelmann windmill . In 1735 Wieblitz handed both mills over to his son Peter Wieblitz (born January 14, 1712 in Salbke; † January 7, 1765), who previously supported his father in running the mills and had previously met modern mills on his own wanderings. Kaspar Wieblitz, who until then probably lived on today's property at Alt Westerhüsen 31, then moved back to Salbke, where he died on June 6, 1756.

On January 13, 1777 a serious accident occurred. When the Elbe floods , the anchor chain of the ship mill in the Mühlhafen was destroyed. The mill then quickly drifted away and carried away another ship mill in Buckau . When it hit the Magdeburg power bridge , the roof of the mill was destroyed. The ship's mill at Fort Prussia was then hurled with great force onto hibernating barges. 47 large Elbe barges, 50 inch barges and eight power mills suffered damage or were destroyed. The total damage was 100,000 thalers.

Georg Wallstab later became a miller at the ship mill. After his death, his wife Marie Elisabeth Wieblitz, née Kleinau, continued to run the mill with her second husband, Johann Daniel Wieblitz . Another accident occurred on March 22nd, 1837, and the mill sank. In 1839, Andreas Wesche , a master miller from Grünewalde , bought the remaining parts of the mill. On October 15, 1839, he married the daughter of the skipper Johann Christoph Meinecke . The family lived in Alt Westerhüsen 163 . He ran the ship mill until 1855. With the death of his wife, he transferred the mill to the premarital daughter of his wife Luise Sophie Dorothee Meinecke , who on March 21, 1859 married the master miller Andreas Curio , son of the innkeeper Jakob Curio . He was the last miller at the Westerhüsen ship mill and ran it from 1859 to 1873.

With the establishment of the Royal Prussian Elbstrom-Bauverwaltung in 1865, the river was divided into six areas of responsibility - so-called "construction groups". The Westerhüser ship mill was assigned to the II. Magdeburg building district (from the lower Anhalt border to the confluence of the Ohre near Rogätz). All construction work on the mill, including changes of ownership, had to be announced to the building district administration. In an overview of the existing ship mills, which the building district administration published on July 25, 1868, the Westerhüser ship mill owned by (Müller) Curio was mentioned as the 23rd of fifty ship mills listed.

The electricity construction work carried out on the Elbe had a negative effect on the ship mills. With the construction of the groynes , the flow of the river shifted more towards the center of the river. In order to be able to continue operating the mills, the ship's mills had to be moved further out, which, however, impeded shipping.

Then in 1869 he sold the ship mill justice in exchange for a settlement to the electricity construction council . The miller had to tear down the mill. With the proceeds from the sale, Curio acquired the later so-called Curiosche Windmill as early as 1869 . In 1876 the skipper Wilhelm Meinecke acquired the mill harbor and the Wuhne. In this context, Christian Curio is given as the last owner of the facility .

literature

  • Friedrich Großhennig: Ortschronik von Westerhüsen in the Magdeburg-SO district , manuscript in the Magdeburg city archive, signature 80 / 1035n, Part I, page 120 ff.
  • Karl Jüngel: Ship mills. A fleet that was almost always at anchor . Ed .: Landscape Museum Dübener Heide. Elbe-Druckerei Wittenberg, Bad Düben 1987, Annex 4, p. 96 .
  • Sabine Ullrich: Industrial architecture in Magdeburg - breweries, mills, sugar and chicory industry , State capital Magdeburg 2003, page 149 f.
  • The Westerhüser Mühlen and Müller , Evangelisches Gemeindeblatt, 15th year, No. 8, August 1938

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Die Westerhüser Mühlen and Müller , Evangelisches Gemeindeblatt, Volume 15, No. 8, August 1938
  2. ^ The Westerhüser Mühlen and Müller in the Evangelisches Gemeindeblatt, Volume 15, No. 8, August 1938.
  3. ^ Friedrich Großhennig: Ortschronik von Westerhüsen in the city district of Magdeburg-SO . Manuscript in the Magdeburg City Archives, signature 80 / 1035n, Part I, p. 127
  4. ^ Friedrich Großhennig, Ortschronik von Westerhüsen in the Magdeburg-SO district , manuscript in the Magdeburg City Archives, call number 80 / 1035n, Part I, p. 128

Coordinates: 52 ° 3 ′ 58 "  N , 11 ° 40 ′ 47.3"  E