Korneuburg shipyard
The Korneuburg shipyard is a former shipyard on the Danube in Korneuburg ( Lower Austria ). The area is a listed building .
monarchy
The first adaptation work took place in Korneuburg around 1849. In the following year, the DDSG received the offer of the Korneuburg municipal board to leave the jetty there free of charge to the company in exchange for further maintenance. In 1851/1852 five steamers and three tugboats wintered in what would later become the shipyard basin.
In 1852 the shipyard was built on an area of 12,000 m² on the left arm of the Danube near Korneuburg as a repair area and as a parking area for the Danube ships of the DDSG. At first 60 people were employed. The first slipway was built in 1864 . Over the next thirty years, the yard area was expanded to 28,000 m² and a water area of 25,000 m². Before the First World War , the shipyard was enlarged again.
Interwar period
On January 18, 1918, the Korneuburg shipyard workers went on strike and joined the January strike . On this day 122,000 people strike in Lower Austria alone.
The reduced fleet of the DDSG after the end of the war led to full employment in the Korneuburg shipyard for several years with the series production of goods and tank barges. From 1920 to 1923 alone, 38 tank and goods barges and some loading facilities were built for the company's own company. Although the main shipyard of DDSG in Óbuda (Alt-Ofen, northwestern part of Budapest) was now abroad (Hungary), most of the shipbuilding orders were initially still awarded to Budapest. After a few years of upswing, the currency reorganization in Korneuburg in 1924/25 also led to a sharp collapse in the order situation and an employment crisis , so that in 1931 only 170 of the previously over 400 employees could remain.
German Empire
In 1938 the shipyard was incorporated into the Reichswerke AG for inland shipping "Hermann Göring" and was declared part of the Hermann Göring Works and declared an operation that was important to the war effort. The shipyard was enlarged to around 197,000 m². The shipyard was lengthened, widened and deepened. Four new slipways, each with three stacking spaces and one slipway crane each, were created and a new workshop building was erected.
In 1941 a barrack camp for German workers, foreign workers and prisoners of war was built next to the shipyard site. Of the 16 barracks in the camp, three were occupied by French prisoners of war.
The number of workers for the duration of the war was around 1,300. In addition, there were around 400 Dutch shipbuilding workers in 1941 and 1942.
From 1939 to 1945, in addition to the ongoing repair work, the following new buildings were completed for the Reich Ministry of Transport and the Navy : 6 type N motor tugs, 7 type R motor tugs, 8 Black Sea standard ships type SME, 3 war transport ships type KT , 8 marine ferry boats type MFP , 34 loading flaps for MFP, 60 1000-t tank barges, 12 1000-t barges, 30 tower structures for submarines and 15 stern stems for submarines.
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As early as 1940, a resistance group was formed in the Korneuburg shipyard, made up of around 35 workers. Eleven resistance fighters were arrested by the Gestapo between July 1941 and September 1942 . Josef Schwarzböck and Franz Czack were found guilty of preparing for high treason and executed in Vienna on February 15 and May 17, 1943, respectively. Johann Gruber, Rudolf Alexander, Anton Jordan and Johann Mühl were also convicted of preparation for high treason and executed on January 22nd, 1943 in Berlin – Charlottenburg. The executions were posted in Korneuburg and announced publicly in daily newspapers. Franz Fukatsch, also sentenced to death, was later pardoned to life imprisonment with frontline probation. Ferdinand Sagerl, Johann Wutzl, August Ruffer, Johann Jahnas and Josef Vilimek were sentenced to prison terms of between three and eight years. They all survived and returned to Korneuburg after the end of the war.
Occupation time
As German property, the shipyard was confiscated by the Red Army and part of the USIA operations. During the occupation, repairs and new buildings were only carried out for the Soviet Union , with a few exceptions, such as the Korneuburg roller ferry and the “Anni” motorboat that was built for Donaukraftwerke AG on January 5, 1955 .
According to the State Treaty
After the state treaty , the shipyard was returned to the DDSG, from which it was spun off again as Korneuburger Schiffswerften AG in 1959 as a state enterprise. Since then, not only Danube ships, but also ocean-going ships, for example for use in the North Sea or fishing ships for Greece , have been built. The existing connections to the Soviet Union were also used, so that modern passenger ships were built for the Volga . Of course, DDSG passenger ships such as the Theodor Körner , the Wachau and the Austria were also built.
In 1957 the shipyard built the 12-meter-long Danube patrol boat Oberst Brecht for the Austrian Armed Forces , the later Vorarlberg from 1963–64 , followed by the 30-meter-long Lower Austria in 1970 (see also: Austrian Navy ). In 1971 the shipyard received the state award and for this reason was allowed to use the federal coat of arms in business transactions.
In 1974 the shipyard was merged with the Linz shipyard to form Österreichische Schiffswerften AG Linz Korneuburg (ÖSWAG) and incorporated into VOEST ALPINE AG .
For the following construction contracts for large ocean-going vessels , for example for the 115-meter-long ro-ro ships Stena Tender , Stena Timer and Stena Topper ordered by Stena Line , the construction planning and construction of the hulls were carried out in Korneuburg, while the deck superstructures and the Final production took place in Romania or, in the case of the Stena Tender, at Nobiskrug in Rendsburg . In this way, ships were also delivered to the Soviet Union and the Middle East. At that time, up to 650 people were employed in the shipyard.
Closure of the shipyard
A lack of state subsidies, management errors and an excessive dependence on orders from the Soviet Union led to the decline of the shipyard and, in 1991, to privatization. As of January 1, 1991, two thirds of the company belonged to Herbert Liaunig's Mericon Holding and one third to Wiener Holding, in which the City of Vienna held a 51 percent stake. The new owners were unable to secure new orders until 1993. In November 1993 the last ships were completed and the Korneuburg shipyard closed.
Reuse
In 2005 the Korneuburg Harbor Festival took place in the shipyard for the first time. Since then, the festival has attracted numerous visitors every year, usually held in September.
In 2010, a project group for the subsequent use of the shipyard was founded, in which citizens deal intensively with the site. In October 2015, the SPÖ raised demands to revitalize the shipyard by founding a university of applied sciences.
In 2013, Lower Austria and Colonel Brecht moved to the Korneuburg shipyard as a branch of the Army History Museum, and have been there ever since. At the annual harbor festival, visitors also have the opportunity to take part in a short excursion on the Danube on Lower Austria .
In 2019, a subsidiary of Signa Holding acquired a 45 percent stake in the shipyard area and presented plans for a quarter with apartments and commercial space. Construction started in 2022 .
Web links
- Shipyard history Korneuburg bluedanubepark.at
- Stefan Wunderl: The history of the Korneuburg shipyard . Diploma thesis, University of Vienna, 2008.
- Korneuburg - shipyard. secretprojects.at
- Web presence of the annual harbor festival
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sandra Schütz: The end of the shipyard: The build number "799" was the end of it. In: mein district.at. August 16, 2016, accessed April 28, 2019 .
- ^ Friedrich Doppelmair: Korneuburg Harbor Festival, historical and nostalgic. In: mein district.at. September 13, 2016, accessed May 14, 2019 .
- ↑ Christoph Baumgärtel, Martin Peterl, Thomas Pfaffl, SPÖ: A university in the shipyard - SPÖ calls for a university of applied sciences . Ed .: NÖN. ( Full text [PDF; accessed on October 23, 2015]).
- ^ Lower Austria in the home port. In: korneuburg.gv.at. April 7, 2014, accessed May 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Signa acquires part of the Korneuburg shipyard. In: orf.at. April 11, 2019, accessed April 30, 2019 .
Coordinates: 48 ° 20 '31.3 " N , 16 ° 19' 8.8" E