Schilluk (people)

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Map of A'ali an-Nil with the city of Malakal
Two Schilluk from 1936

The Schilluk , English spelling Shilluk , own name Colo, Chollo , are an ethnic group belonging to the Nilots in South Sudan . Their language is Shilluk or dhok Chollo , a Nilotic language .

The settlement area is north and west of the city of Malakal in South Sudan , along the western bank of the White Nile, roughly within the borders of the state of A'ali an-Nil . Their population is estimated at 600,000 (as of 2004), making them the third largest ethnic group in South Sudan after the Dinka and Nuer . Shilluk are mainly fishermen, but also live from agriculture and cattle breeding.

The Shilluk have a traditional leader, also known as the "King" or Reth, who traces his ancestry back to Nyikang , the mythical first king. The royal seat is in Pachodo near the city of Faschoda . As a tribal feature , male shilluks in particular have a horizontal row of ritual scars on their foreheads , which look like a kind of protruding points.

In many songs the Shilluk praising the exploits of the mythical king Nyikang and accompany her singing on a five-string lyre , the tom is called. The singer-poet ček or wau has a high social reputation. There are three categories of dance ceremonies: Tom is the name of the rainmaker dance performed by adult men. Bul are entertainment dances named after the short or long cylinder drum played on both sides, which are only performed by young people. Ywok are funeral and ancestral dances that are part of the koje celebrations. In addition to the two musical instruments mentioned, the leleng are also part of the tradition. These are kettle drums used in pairs and related to the North African naqqaras as symbols of royal dignity .

In 2004 around 50,000 to 120,000 members of the Shilluk were evicted by militias loyal to the government in the course of the war of civil secession in South Sudan . Around 26,000 fled to Malakal.

In the German-speaking area, the ethnologists Diedrich Westermann , Wilhelm Banholzer , Julius Konietzko , Wilhelm Hofmayr and Burkhard Schnepel have dealt with the culture of the Schilluk.

Prominent Schilluk are the politicians Lam Akol and Pagan Amum .

literature

  • Wilhelm Banholzer : Something about the history and customs of the Schilluk kings. In: Stern der Neger. Catholic missionary magazine of the Sons of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, 1904
  • Edward E. Evans-Pritchard : The Divine Kingdom of the Shilluk of the Nilotic Sudan. The Frazer Lecture, 1948. Reprint: HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 1 (1), 2011, pp. 407-422
  • David Graeber: The divine kingship of the Shilluk: on violence, utopia, and the humanconditionorelements for an archeology of sovereignty. University of London, 2010, pp. 1-59
  • Wilhelm Hofmayr: The Schilluk: History, Religion and Life of a Nile Tribe; based on P. Banholzers FS C and own notes. St. Gabriel, Mödling near Vienna: Verlag der Administration des Anthropos, 1925 (Ethnological Anthropos Library. International Collection of Ethnological Monographs; 2.5)
  • Oswald Iten: Black Sudan. The tribes of the Nuba, Ingessana, Schilluk, Dinka, Nuer, Azande and Latuka . Neptun, Kreuzlingen 1978
  • Godfrey Lienhardt : The Shilluk of the Upper Nile. In: Daryll Forde (Ed.): African Worlds : Studies in the Cosmological Ideas and Social Values ​​of African People. International African Institute , Oxford University Press 1954, pp. 138-163
  • Mohamed Riad: The divine Kingship of the Shilluk and its Origin. In: Archives for Ethnology. Volume XIV. Published by the association "Friends of Ethnology" 1014 Vienna. Museum f. Ethnology. Braumüller, Vienna 1959
  • Øystein H. Rolandsen, Martin W. Daly: A History of South Sudan: From Slavery to Independence. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2016, ISBN 978-0521-11631-2
  • Georg Schweinfurth : In the heart of Africa. Travels and discoveries in Central Equatorial Africa between 1868 and 1871. Newly revised original edition. Leipzig, Brockhaus, 1878
  • Diedrich Westermann : The Shilluk People. Their Language and Folklore . Reimer, Berlin 1912

Web links

Commons : Schilluk  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Artur Simon : Sudan . In: Stanley Sadie (Ed.): The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians . Vol. 24. Macmillan Publishers, London 2001, p. 657