Battle of Rosebud Creek
Battle of Rosebud Creek
| date | June 17, 1876 |
|---|---|
| place | Big Horn County (Montana) , USA |
| output | Decisive victory for the Lakota and Cheyenne Indians |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
|
|
|
| Commander | |
| Troop strength | |
| about 1000-2500 Indians | about 950 infantrymen 86 mounted infantrymen about 100 civilian army employees 86 Shoshone |
| losses | |
|
approx. 13–36 dead |
14–28 dead |
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The battle at Rosebud Creek in southern Montana was the first armed conflict between the still-living Indian tribes of the Lakota , Cheyenne and Arapaho and the US Army on June 17, 1876 in the war that started with the army. In a large-scale campaign by the US troops, the plan was to force the Indians to either surrender or defeat them in a decisive battle. General John Gibbon began the campaign from the northwest from Fort Shaw via Helena, from the east General Alfred Terry advanced from Fort Abraham Lincoln , and from the south General George Crook approached Fort Laramie .
The US Army suspected the Indians in the area between the Bighorn River , Yellowstone River and Powder River , but acted without direct contact between the individual associations. Only Gibbon and Custer , who was under the command of General Terry, met on June 21 on the Yellowstone River in the north. Four days earlier, however, Crook's troops had already experienced enemy contact at Rosebud Creek .
Crook's detachment, consisting of cavalrymen, infantrymen and numerous Shoshone and Crowscouts , enemies of the Sioux, was surprised by the free Indians led by Crazy Horse during a break from marching . The struggle lasted long and was bitter. The Indians successfully used the uneven terrain to prevent Crook from using his cavalry effectively. When a detachment sent by Crook toward a nearby canyon attacked the free Indians from the east, they withdrew and left the battlefield to Crook. However, his troops had been so weakened that he retreated south to get new reserves. However, with the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho out of the battlefield, Crook claimed victory. The strategic success, however, was on the part of the free Indians, because Crook had been prevented from further advancing north and the planned cooperation with the American troops operating there.
Eight days later, on June 25th, the US Army suffered an even more devastating defeat in the Battle of Little Bighorn when Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer and his 7th Cavalry Regiment were defeated by the Indians under the leadership of Chiefs Crazy Horse, Gall and Sitting Bull nearly wiped out and Custer himself was killed.
At the site of the battle is the Rosebud Battlefield State Park . It is one of the US National Historic Landmarks .
literature
- Richard H Dillon: 1983. North American Indian Wars .
- John F. Finerty: War-path and Bivouac: or, the Conquest of the Sioux : a first-hand account by a Chicago newspaper reporter accompanying the Crook expedition and present at the Rosebud
- JW Vaughn: (1956). With Crook at the Rosebud. Stackpole Co. p. 245 2012 edition.
Web links
- Crooks Report of Rosecreek Battle. Pp. 448-449
- Battle of the Rosebud: Crook's Counterattack, 0830-1000 on cgsc.army.mil
Individual evidence
- ^ JW Vaughn: With Crook at the Rosebud . Stackpole Co., 1956, p. 245 (accessed January 12, 2012).
- ↑ Wayne Michael Sarf: The Little Bighorn Campaign Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, 1993, p 98th
- ↑ JW Vaughn: Indian Fights; New Facts on Seven Encounters Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1966, p. 139; Robert M. Utley: Frontier Regulars: The United States Army and the Indian, 1866-1891 New York: MacMillan Publishing Company, 1973, p. 256; Jr. Richard I. Wiles: The Battle of the Rosebud: Crook's Campaign on 1876 Fort Leavenworth: US Army Command and General Staff College, 1993, p. 106; Crook's Report accessed on February 22, 2013 ( limited preview in Google Book search)
- ↑ Page of the park
Coordinates: 45 ° 13 ′ 29.5 ″ N , 106 ° 59 ′ 53.8 ″ W.