Battle of the Holy Apostles Monastery
Photograph of the Holy Apostles Monastery around 1900, where the battle took place
| date | November 3-27, 1901 |
|---|---|
| place |
Holy Apostles Monastery, Muş , Ottoman Empire |
| output | Victory of the Muslims |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
| Commander | |
|
Ferih Pasha, Ali Pasha |
|
| Troop strength | |
| 22 (Andranik, Kevork, Haroutiun from Ouroukh, Vagharshag, Hajji Hagop, Ghazar, Seydo Boghos, Andrig, Missak, Vartan, Assadour, Simon, Terpetos Sarkis, Cheto, Yegho, Parsegh, Hovsep son of Oso, Chatalbash Aram, Megro from Khaskiugh , Moso, Iso, Mourad von Havadorig) 30-38 |
6,000 |
| losses | |
|
3 (Ghazar, Haroutiun and Parsegh) |
1,800 |
The Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery ( Armenian Առաքելոց վանքի կռիվը Ařak'elots vank'i Krivé ) was an armed conflict between the units of the Ottoman Empire and the Armenian fedayeen in Arakelots Monastery in Muş in November 1901. Andranik Ozanians The intention was to draw the attention of the foreign consuls in Muş to the threatened situation of the Armenian peasants and to give the "oppressed Armenians in the Eastern Provinces a glimmer of hope".
background
The Huntchak Social Democratic Party and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Taschnaken) were two organizations of the Armenian National Movement that were active in the region. It came to the massacres of the Armenians in 1894–1896 . This persecution strengthened nationalist sentiments among Armenians.
In 1899, several Armenian fedayeen commanders were killed, and Andranik Ozanian was tasked with protecting the Armenians by leading all partisan forces in the Sason district - then in Vilayet Bitlis . Thirty-eight villages were under Andranik's protection and command.
The battle
While Turkish units were chasing the fedayeen on the plains of Mus, Andranik Pasha came with 30 fedajins ( Kevork Çavuş , Hakob Kotoyan and others) and 8 to 10 farmers from the village of Tsronk on November 20, 1901, and barricaded themselves in the Holy Apostles' monastery in the southern suburbs of Mus.
A regiment of five Turkish battalions, commanded by Ferih Pascha and Ali Pascha, besieged the well-fortified monastery. The Turkish generals, who led the army of twelve hundred men, called on the fedayeen to surrender. During this period the Turkish army suffered great losses, mainly due to cold weather and disease. After nineteen days of resistance and long negotiations, in which the Armenian clergy , leading figures from Mus and foreign consuls participated, Andranik Pasha and his followers succeeded in leaving the monastery and fled in small groups.
Aftermath
After breaking out of the Holy Apostle Monastery, Andranik Ozanian received legendary status among the Armenians in the provinces. "Andranik is not a human being, he is a ghost," said the Turks after he disappeared. The Kurds believed that Andranik Pasha took off his coat during the night and that many bullets fell from there. Andranik was still in command during the Second Sason Resistance of 1904, but then withdrew with his men to Persia , resigned from the Tashnagdzutiun and then traveled to Western Europe , where he took part in the First Balkan War . Andranik published his memoir The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery in Boston in 1924 .
"It was necessary to show the Turkish and Kurdish people that an Armenian can use a weapon, that an Armenian heart can fight and protect his rights."
literature
- Lewon K. Liwlēchean, Zōravar Andranik: The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery . Taderon Press, London 2008, ISBN 9781903656808
- Antranig Chalabian: General Andranik and the Armenian revolutionary movement . Southfield 1988, ISBN 9780962274114
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery by Gen. Andranik , by Lewon K. Liwlēchean - London, 2008, ISBN 9781903656808 - p. 40
- ↑ a b Military history: Vol. 12 ; 1995: "Bold and fiercely determined, Andranik Ozanian spent most of his life as a revolutionary for his fellow Armenians", by Antranig Chalabian
- ↑ The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery by Gen. Andranik , by Lewon K. Liwlēchean - London, 2008, ISBN 9781903656808 - p. 57
- ↑ The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery by Gen. Andranik , by Lewon K. Liwlēchean - London, 2008, ISBN 9781903656808
- ↑ The Battle of Holy Apostles' Monastery by Gen. Andranik , by Lewon K. Liwlēchean - London, 2008, ISBN 9781903656808 - p. 55
- ^ Empire Press (Ed.): Military history: Volume 12 . 1995, p. xviii ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ^ The Armenians: history of a genocide , by Yves Ternon - 1990, p. 114
- ^ Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: AC, by Philip Mattar- p. 195
- ↑ The great 4: Mesrob, Komidas, Antranik, Toramanian , by Herminé D. Varjabedian, Shirak Press, 1969, p. 51
- ^ Historical Dictionary of Armenia , by Rouben Paul Adalian, 2010, p. 79