Andranik Ozanian

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ozanian around 1921
Ozanian Andranik's grave in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.
Statue of General Andranik Ozanian in Yerevan

Andranik Ozanian ( Armenian Անդրանիկ Թորոս Օզանեան Andranik Toros Ozanyan ) or Antranig Pascha ( Զորավար Անդրանիկ Zoravar Andranik ; born February 25, 1865 in Şebinkarahisar , Ottoman Empire ; † August 31, 1927 in Chico , USA ), was an Armenian general , rebel leader and resistance fighter who is revered as a national hero by many Armenians today.

Life

Ozanian was born in Şebinkarahisar (now Giresun Province ). After killing his father's murderer, he fled to Constantinople (now Istanbul) and was arrested shortly after he fled. After a brief detention, he spent some time in Istanbul, where he made contact with an Armenian nationalist organization. Georgian Batumi he came early 1890s to Armenian rebels associations and took under rebel leader aghbiur serob to the uprisings of Taron and Sason against the Ottoman Empire in part. In 1901 he was involved in the victorious battle for the Holy Apostle Monastery .

1904 Ozanian crossed the Iran into Switzerland . In the first Balkan War he took part under General Garegin Nschdeh as commander of the Armenian company of the Macedonia-Adrianople Volunteer Corps from 1912 to 1913 on the Bulgarian side . During the First World War , Ozanian , meanwhile appointed general of the Armenian units of the Russian army , defeated the Ottomans in twenty battles at Dilman , Sevan and Bitlis, among others .

In 1919, unwilling to take part in the political power struggles in the young republic , he left Armenia for the last time and went into exile in Fresno (USA). Andranik Toros Ozanian, who was enthusiastically received by Armenian emigrants on his arrival in the States, died here in 1927 as a living legend.

His body was transferred to the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris in 1928 and to Yerevan in a major state act in 2000 .

reception

Monuments in Armenia and France today commemorate the national hero of Armenia, and a station on the subway in the Armenian capital Yerevan, which opened in 1981, was named "Zoravor Andranik" in his honor. On the Turkish side, however, he is considered a criminal and terrorist. In Azerbaijan , Andranik is considered an Armenian nationalist and predatory conqueror with blood on his hands.

According to a German historian from the Humboldt University in Berlin, Andranik personified the classic charismatic partisan leader . Towards the end of the 19th century he was a temporary member of the Huntschaken and Daschnaken . The Armenian began his career in the press as a terrorist, being one of the assassins who killed the Istanbul police chief, Yusuf Mehmet Bey, [of the Ottoman Empire]. He was also one of the leaders of the Sason uprising . Furthermore, Andranik terrorized the Azerbaijani Muslims of the Sangesur and Nagorno-Karabakh regions as a warlord with the tsarist- Armenian military unit . According to Jörg Baberowski , the armed units of Andranik destroyed 100 Azerbaijani settlements in Sangesur alone from summer to autumn 1918 and killed up to 10,000 people. 50,000 Muslims (mainly Azerbaijanis ) had to flee the region from pogroms. Among other things, a biography about General Andranik ( General Andranik and the Armenian Revolutionary Movement ) is apologetic , so it should be used with caution.

literature

  • Antranig Chalabian: General Andranik and the Armenian Revolutionary Movement. Michigan, 1988, ISBN 0-9622741-1-9
  • Zôravar Andranik kẹ xôsi (Զօրավար Անդրանիկ կը խօսի) [In poor.] Los Angeles, 1974
  • Catowr Aġayan: Andranik: darašrǰan, depk'er, demk'er [In poor.] Erevan, 1994
  • Vardgês Aharonean: Andranik: mardẹ ew ṙazmikẹ (Անդրանիկ: մարդը եւ ռազմիկը) [In poor.] Boston, 1957; Reprint Tehran, 1982
  • Ṙowben Simonyan: Andranik: Sibirakan vašti odisakanẹ [In poor.] Erevan, 2006
  • Hrač'ik Simonyan: Andraniki žamanakẹ. 2 volumes [In poor.] Erevan, 1996
  • Andranik Č'elepyan: Zoravar Andranik ev hay heġap'oxakan šaržowmẹ [In poor.] Erevan, 1990

Web links

Commons : Andranik Ozanian  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rüdiger Kipke : The Armenian-Azerbaijani Relationship and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict . 1st edition. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften , Germany 2012, ISBN 978-3-531-18484-5 , 3. The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in its latent phase (1923–1987), p. 56 (100 p., Limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed March 3, 2019]).
  2. ↑ Баберовски Йорг: Враг есть везде. Сталинизм на Кавказе (перевод с немецкого языка В. Т. Алтухова) . Российская политическая энциклопедия, Москва 2010, ISBN 978-5-8243-1435-9 , p. 166 .
  3. ^ Andreas Oberender: Eastern Europe . Explosive mélange - terrorism and imperial violence in Eastern Europe. Ed .: Eastern Europe (magazine) . Eastern Europe 4/2016. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag , Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-8305-3515-7 , Against Tsar and Sultan - Armenian terrorism before the First World War, p. 49-62 (128 p., Full text [PDF; 256 kB ; accessed on March 23, 2020]).
personal data
SURNAME Ozanian, Andranik
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zoravar Andranik; Ozanyan, Andranik Torosi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Armenian general
DATE OF BIRTH February 25, 1865
PLACE OF BIRTH Şebinkarahisar , Ottoman Empire
DATE OF DEATH August 31, 1927
Place of death Chico (California)