Dürkheim Castle
| Dürkheim Castle | ||
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 View of the castle, 1787 (engraving by Johann Jakob Rieger ). Right on the wall, the still existing pavilion. |
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| Data | ||
| place | Bad Dürkheim | |
| builder | Friedrich Magnus of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg | |
| Architectural style | Baroque | |
| Construction year | around 1720 | |
| demolition | 1794 | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 27 '45 " N , 8 ° 10' 5.1" E | |
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The Dürkheimer Schloss was a baroque palace building of the counts or princes of Leiningen , in the Rhineland-Palatinate district town of Bad Dürkheim . Apart from a few remains, it has disappeared; the Kurhaus and Kurpark-Hotel are now in its place .
history
From 1560 to 1725 Hardenburg was the main residence of the Counts of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg. In 1725 they moved their residence to the more centrally located town of Dürkheim, which thereby also gained economic importance and became the capital of the county. For this purpose, the ruling Count Friedrich Magnus von Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg (1703-1756) had the baroque Dürkheim Palace built as a residence on a hilltop on the northeast corner of Bad Dürkheim from around 1720. To the north, he included the medieval city wall as the outer boundary of the palace area in the construction. From 1739 he extended or increased this wall and created a garden between it and the castle, on which the buildings and the parking lot of the Kurparkhotel are now located. On this occasion, Count Friedrich Magnus had a Latin builder inscription attached to the wall, which has been preserved. In the northeast corner, the garden pavilion with a bell roof, which is now the last remnant of the castle's building, was probably built at the same time. The son and successor Carl Friedrich Wilhelm , from 1779 the 1st Prince of Leiningen, had a side wing built on the castle and from 1762 a large garden or park was laid out to the east, which is today's spa garden and spa park area. Around 1780 he set up a wing of the palace as a public theater, which citizens could visit free of charge. Organized and supervised it was from the near- Mannheim active August Wilhelm Iffland , which here often performed the premieres of his works.
In August 1792, Prince de Condé , who had fled revolutionary France , stayed with his entourage in Dürkheim Castle. In September of that year, the French general Adam-Philippe de Custine had his headquarters here. His troops were driven out by the Prussians in April 1793, who also set up their headquarters in Dürkheim Castle and stayed until the end of the year. During this period the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II and his son, who later became King Friedrich Wilhelm III , stayed here several times .
On January 31, 1794, the French who had returned burned Dürkheim Castle and forbade any fire-fighting work. Since the areas on the left bank of the Rhine fell permanently to France, the Leiningers could not return and the castle was no longer built. After Bad Dürkheim belonged to the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1816 onwards , today's Kurhaus was built in its place from 1822 to 1826, according to plans by Johann Bernhard Spatz (1782–1840) , as a council and town hall. An inscription on the south side commemorates the Dürkheim Castle and its destruction.
Building stock
According to a drawing that has been preserved, it was an elongated two-storey castle building with 23 window axes and a raised central projection with a triangular gable. Side wings were added to the right and left, which were expanded again after 1779. This and the middle part of the central building had mansard roofs . To the north of the castle, the steeply sloping, former city wall delimited the area. The still-preserved observation pavilion was placed on top of it. To the east of the castle was a large, park-like garden, designed in the English style in 1762, which also contained an orangery with a greenhouse. It is the area of today's spa park . There a wide, sloping avenue led from the east towards the castle. The aforementioned garden pavilion and the raised city wall with a Baroque building inscription still stand from the castle. In the spa gardens there is a group of puttos , which probably belonged to the castle park. In front of the Fitz-Ritter winery , Weinstraße Nord 51, in Bad Dürkheim, there is a round, baroque guard house made of sandstone, which was once transferred from the nearby castle ruins. Another similar one is set up in the Leininger Lehnshof in Herxheim am Berg ; it too comes from Dürkheim Castle.
gallery
Baroque building inscription on the former castle wall
Commemorative inscription at the Kurhaus Bad Dürkheim
Bad Dürkheim, Fitz-Ritter winery, sentry box from Dürkheim Castle
Herxheim am Berg, a sentry box from Dürkheim Castle in front of the Leininger Lehnshof
literature
- Wolfgang Medding: Castles and palaces in the Palatinate and on the Saar , Frankfurt am Main, 1966, p. 69 u. 70
- Michael Frey : Attempt of a geographical-historical-statistical description of the royal Bavarian Rhine district . tape 2 . Speyer 1836, p. 398-400 ( digital scan ).
- Franz Weiss: The picturesque and romantic Palatinate . Neustadt an der Haardt 1840, p. 68 ( digital scan ).
- Martin von Neumann: The castles of the Bavarian Rhine district as they were and as they are . tape 3 . Zweibrücken 1838, p. 17 ( digital scan ).
Web links
- Entry on Dürkheim Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen".
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johann Georg Lehmann : Historical paintings from the Rhine district of Bavaria , Volume 2, p. 72 u. 73, Heidelberg, 1834; (Digital scan)
- ^ Website on the history of the Bad Dürkheim spa park
- ↑ Website on the Leininger Lehnshof in Herxheim