Schmachtenberg (desert)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The desert is on a small hill by the trees on the left edge of the picture, today's lake shore

Schmachtenberg (also Smachtenberg ) is a desert that is located in the area of ​​the independent city of Schweinfurt in Lower Franconia. The settlement was probably abandoned in the 15th century, the reasons for the abandonment are unknown.

Geographical location

The desert lies on the southern edge of the urban area, east of the Maintal district . A cadastral plan from the 19th century contains the hallway Am Schmachtenberg and the Schmachtenbergspfad , which led from Grafenrheinfeld to the hallway. This is on the northwestern bank of the Baggersee recreation area . Today's swimming lake was created at the end of the 1960s as a result of the construction of the Schweinfurter Kreuz ( A 70 / B 286 ).

history

The settlement site was already settled in prehistoric times. During excavations, several graves from the Hallstatt period were discovered, so it can be assumed that people lived there at least for a time. The old residence was remodeled in the early Middle Ages and was given the name Schmachtenberg, which indicates that it was founded around the year 600. At that time, immigrating Franconian tribes opened up the area and displaced the local population.

As with the nearby Schmalfeld settlement, which has also been abandoned, the name refers to the comparatively frequent floods of the Main and the resulting poor harvests. The ending -berg indicates that the village was located on a small elevation. Overall, it can be assumed that Schmachtenberg never comprised more than five farms and was therefore a relatively small village.

Schmachtenberg was first mentioned in a document in 1425, when the Theres monastery sold the Schmachtenberg farm to the brothers Karl and Kunz von Thüngen . Jakob Hofmann, a citizen of the imperial-free city of Schweinfurt, previously held the farm. Eleven years later, in 1436, the city of Schweinfurt came into possession itself. However Schmachtenberg was already in 1439 when Mark hike, a border tour of sevens , only as a corridor location mentioned. Perhaps the residents settled on the Senftenhof near Grafenrheinfeld .

description

Cadastral plan from the 19th century

The cadastral plan from the 19th century contains the field name Am Schmachtenberg twice . In between there is a more fragmented, differently structured area compared to the surrounding fields, with smaller fields, trees and six small parcels. They do not have the size of traditional Franconian farms (approx. 1000 m²), but only house plots of around 300 m². These lie in a longitudinal row and with their north-western outer boundaries exactly on the historical city limits, on which today's circular route around the bathing lake also runs in this section. The six parcels are located just outside the city of that time. A historical map from the 19th century provides an indication of the Schmachtenberg elevation in the area in this area. A moat arriving from the north in the Main Valley divides in front of this area into a western arm along the still existing Ellerngraben and an eastern arm, which ran over the area of ​​today's swimming lake. In today's cadastral plan, the corridors are completely redistributed and nothing of the historical structures is recognizable.

The small-scale structured area on the historical cadastral plan, which differed from the surrounding area, is still relatively easy to locate today, as the diamond-shaped 26 hectare bathing lake on its northwest side follows the historical boundaries from the 19th century . The shoreline runs at a distance of about 30 m from the historical border of the imperial city of Schweinfurt, which existed here unchanged until the Bavarian regional reform in the 1970s. Then the Grafenrheinfeld municipality ceded the southern, unpopulated area to the  SW 3 district road to the city of Schweinfurt. The lake is outside the former imperial city and the six small parcels are in the narrow 30 m wide strip between the shore and the historic city limits.

Small hill

In the elevation relief, however, the above area (without taking into account the quarry ponds) is flat as a board, with differences in height of barely more than a dozen centimeters. In the middle of the otherwise almost straight north-western shore line, however, the lake makes a small arc around a 1 meter high hill (marked point of the local situation), which during former floods offered the area, which was flat for several kilometers, a smaller protection that was probably not always sufficient what the name Schmachtenberg could indicate. Whereas Grafenrheinfeld, on the other hand, had a historic ring dike that is still preserved and today the entire main valley is protected by a newer main dike. The ring dike only included the settlement and not the corridors that were in the floodplain. The six parcels mentioned above were located in the former Grafenreinfeld area, while the small hill was already then in the Schweinfurt area.

South-west bank of the lake, with the circular route to the desert

Other localizations

In today's topographic map on a scale of 1: 25,000 and the corresponding web map in the BayernAtlas , the field names Schmachtenberg are on the south-west bank of the bathing lake. They thus deviate from the two-fold field names on today's north-west bank of the much more precise cadastral plan from the 19th century , on a much larger scale. In a sketch of the location of historical places in the imperial city, the desert is drawn even further to the east, roughly in the southern area of ​​today's island of the bathing lake.

In both cases, neither field names nor structures on the cadastral plan or on the historical map (also from the 19th century) give any indication of the desert. In addition, the Schmachtenbergspfad drawn in both maps leads far past the locations of the web map and the site sketch.

Schmachtenbergspfad

The Schmachtenbergspfad is shown on the above cadastral plan and above historical map (both 19th century) as an almost straight and shortest connection from Grafenrheinfeld to the northwestern bank of today's Schweinfurt Baggersee. Another hint for the location of the desert at this point. The path runs exclusively on what was then Grafenrheinfeld and ends abruptly at the former city limits, without any further connection to the city. The way to the path led from Grafenrheinfeld first along today's district road SW 3 and then over a short road that still exists today towards the Schweinfurt district of Maintal . The path called Schmachtenbergspfad finally began there 70 m before the end of today's Wienstraße, crossed Europa-Allee, Stockholmstraße and the southern area of ​​Oslostraße and then led over a quarry pond that was only created in the 21st century to the corridor, which is included twice in the cadastral plan Am Schmachtenberg is designated.

See also

literature

  • Mario Dorsch: Disappeared Medieval Settlements. Desertification between Steigerwald, Main and the Volkach . Hassfurt 2013.
  • Anton Oeller: The place names of the district of Schweinfurt (= Mainfränkische Heimatkunde 8) . Würzburg 1955.
  • Peter Rückert: Land expansion and desertification of the high and late Middle Ages in the Franconian Gäuland. Diss . Wuerzburg 1990.

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b c d e BayernAtlas , cadastral plan from the 19th century.
  2. ^ Oeller, Anton: The place names of the district of Schweinfurt . P. 57.
  3. ↑ Dorsch, Mario: Disappeared medieval settlements . P. 31.
  4. ^ Rückert, Peter: Land expansion and desertification of the high and late Middle Ages . P. 247.
  5. ↑ a b c BayernAtlas , historical map from the 19th century.
  6. ↑ BayernAtlas ; the height relief results from the distance measurement function
  7. ↑ Bavarian Land Survey Office. Topographic map 1: 25,000, sheet no.5927 Schweinfurt . Munich 2005

Coordinates: 50 ° 1 ′ 13.4 ″  N , 10 ° 13 ′ 45.4 ″  E