School system in Canada
The school system in Canada is a matter of the provinces , so there is a wide variety of regulations in the school system. The structure of the school system in the various provinces is shown in the graphic below. All schools in Canada have in common that they are all-day schools and unit schools . Students can choose between public and paid private schools. Schooling lasts twelve years and usually begins at the age of five. The curriculum of the Canadian schools is determined by the Ministry of Education of the respective province (exception: advanced placement courses). Schools can only choose from a list of books that are considered most appropriate for their respective students. Schools that offer advanced placement courses (courses at the level of Canadian colleges) are particularly popular. Those who have taken such a course increase their chances of being accepted into the college of their choice.
Provinces and territories
Alberta ( source ) |
Elementary | Junior high | Senior high | |||||||||||||
kindergarten | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
British Columbia ( source ) |
Elementary | Junior Secondary | Senior Secondary | |||||||||||||
kindergarten | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Manitoba ( source ) |
Early | Junior high | Senior high | |||||||||||||
kindergarten | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
New Brunswick ( source ) |
Elementary | Middle school | High school | |||||||||||||
kindergarten | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Newfoundland and Labrador ( source ) |
Primary | Elementary | Intermediate | Senior high | ||||||||||||
kindergarten | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | Level I. | Level II | Level III | ||||
Northwest Territories ( source ) |
Primary | Intermediate | Junior Secondary | Senior Secondary | ||||||||||||
kindergarten | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Nova Scotia ( Source ; PDF; 1.4 MB) |
Elementary | Junior high | Senior high | |||||||||||||
Primary | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Ontario ( source ) |
Elementary | Secondary | ||||||||||||||
Junior kindergarten | Senior kindergarten | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |||
PEI ( source ) |
Elementary | Intermediate School | Senior high | |||||||||||||
kindergarten | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Quebec | École primaire | Ecole secondaire | Cégep | |||||||||||||
garderie | maternal | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | Sec I | Sec II | Sec III | Sec IV | Sec V | first | second | third | |
Saskatchewan ( source ) |
Elementary level | Middle level | Secondary level | |||||||||||||
kindergarten | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Yukon ( source ) |
Elementary | Junior Secondary | Senior Secondary | |||||||||||||
kindergarten | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
Language immersion programs and schools
Due to the official bilingualism of Canada, so-called immersion programs are offered in all provinces . All of the lessons are held in the other language (not the pupil's mother tongue). The popularity of these programs differs depending on the province, while this type of schooling is used comparatively frequently in the maritime provinces and Québec, the proportion of students towards the west decreases sharply.
religion
Some provinces have public denominational schools.
Level of performance
The performance level of Canadian schools is generally considered to be high. In the PISA studies Canada is regularly one of the top places. In Canada, immigrant students perform on a par with their native peers. Students whose native language is Hindi are even ahead of English-speaking students in terms of performance. The performance level of private schools is considered to be higher than that of state schools. Canada is the only OECD country where private school students learn more than public school students, even after checking their family and socio-economic backgrounds.
Problems
Although all schools follow the same curriculum, some have better reputations than others. In Canada, there is no free choice of school in public schools because every school has its own catchment area. However, you can apply to attend a school outside your own residential area (cross boundary application). However, many reputable schools have far more outside applicants than they can accept. An important criterion for the value of a house is whether there are good schools nearby.
Afro-Canadian students have worse educational opportunities than their white peers. In Toronto , for example, forty percent of them had to leave school without a degree. As a solution to the problem, civil rights activists called for “afrocentric schools” , which are more likely to meet the needs and culture of black students. The idea was rejected by other civil rights activists. The first Afrocentric school opened its doors in Toronto in September 2009.
See also
literature
- Ghodsi Hejazi: Pluralism and Civil Society. Intercultural pedagogy in modern immigration societies. Canada - France - Germany. transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2009, ISBN 978-3-8376-1198-4 .
- Valeria Lange: Migrants at Risk? About the connection between school recognition structures and social inequality in Canada and Germany. ibidem Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 3-89821-800-7 .
- Judith Link: Discrimination typical of shifts in general education. A comparison between Canada and Germany. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2011, ISBN 978-3-531-18350-3 .
- Susan F. Semel, Alan R. Sadovnik, Peter W. Cookson Jr .: International Handbook of Educational Reform , (Chapter 5: Canada), Greenwood Press, 1992.
- Terry Wotherspoon: The Sociology of Education in Canada - Critical Perspectives , Oxford University Press, 2004.
Individual evidence
- ^ Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: "PISA 2006 - School Achievements in International Comparison". 2007. Bertelsmann Verlag, p. 270
Web links
- Article on Afrocentric Schools (in English)