Black-breasted mountain tangerine
| Black-breasted mountain tangerine | ||||||||||||
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Buthraupis eximia chloronota |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Buthraupis eximia | ||||||||||||
| ( Boissonneau , 1840) |
The black-breasted mountain tangerine ( Buthraupis eximia ) is a species of bird from the tangerine family (Thraupidae). The species has a large distribution area, which includes the South American countries Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador and Peru . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .
features
The black-breasted mountain tangerine reaches a body length of around 21 to 22 centimeters and weighs around 63 grams. The beak is short and thick. She has dark eyes. The crown, the nape and the rump are dark blue. The back is adorned with a strong moss green. The wings and tail are black. The small arm covers are blue. The remaining wing coverts and the inner wing feathers are clearly outlined in moss green. The side of the head, throat and chest are black, which turns golden yellow from chest to stomach. She has yellow tufts on the thighs.
distribution and habitat
The species occurs relatively often in moss-covered and moist mountain forests at altitudes between 2800 and 3300 meters. Here you can observe them at the edges of the forest and typical Krummholz zones . You never actually see them in the open.
behavior
It moves mainly in the cold damp forests near the tree line. Usually it moves in groups of 3 to 6 animals in large areas. When eating, you can see them together with other species and also in mixed flocks. It flies into the upper strata where it leaps heavily on the moss-covered branches and slowly works its way down. Preferred food is the fruit of the trees. Compared to other mountain tangerines, it behaves rather inconspicuously.
Subspecies
Four subspecies are described, which differ mainly in their coloration and their range:
- Buthraupis eximia eximia ( Boissonneau , 1840) - nominate form , temperate zones of the east of Colombia to southern Táchira in Venezuela.
- Buthraupis eximia zimmeri Moore, RT , 1934 - Rump in contrast to the nominate form, cress green. The yellow underside is a little darker than in the nominate form. Home are the temperate zones of the western and central Andes of Colombia. Here it occurs in the Paramillo National Park , and near the municipalities of Santa Isabel and Almaguer .
- Buthraupis eximia cyanocalyptra Moore, RT , 1934 - Most similar to B. e. chloronota is a bit smaller, however. The black of the mask and the throat extends further back than in B. e. chloronota . Present in the provinces of Morona Santiago , Zamora Chinchipe Loja in Ecuador. In Peru it occurs on the eastern slopes of the Andes north and west of the Marañón Valley.
- Buthraupis eximia chloronota Sclater, PL , 1855 - Noticeably larger in all anatomical areas than any other subspecies. In contrast to the nominate form green rump. Present in the humid to temperate zones on the western slopes of the northern part of the Andes of Ecuador.
Some authors see a further subspecies in the gold-backed mountain tangar ( Buthraupis aureodorsalis ) described by Blake & Hocking in 1974 . The morphological differences speak against this classification.
Naming
Auguste Boissonneau first described this mountain tangar under Tanagra (gros-bec) eximia . Since he thought the bird was something special, he called the tangare eximia (Latin for: extraordinary, excellent, exceptional, uncommon, excellent).
literature
- Steven L. Hilty , William L. Brown: A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, 1986, pp. 620f, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8 .
- Thomas Schulenberg , Douglas F. Stotz , Daniel F. Lane: Birds of Peru. Princeton University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-04915-1 , p. 558.
- Robert S. Ridgely , Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide. Volume 1, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8720-0 , pp. 738f.
- Robert S. Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide , Vol. 2, Cornell University Press, 2001, p. 646, ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7
- Steven L. Hilty, John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-691-09250-8 , p. 759.
- Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, William H. Phelps , Guy Tudor: A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 1992, p. 342 ISBN 978-0-691-08205-9
- Robert Thomas Moore: A review of the race of Buthraupis eximia (Boissonneau) . In: American Museum Novitates . No. 715 , 1934, pp. 1–8 (English, online [PDF; 882 kB ; accessed on January 29, 2015]).
Web links
- Internet Bird Collection Black-chested Mountain-tanager (Buthraupis eximia) Videos, pictures, sound
- Avibase Black-breasted Mountain Tangare (Buthraupis eximia) Pictures and further information
- Antpitta Tanagers - Thraupidae Black-chested Mountain-Tanager Buthraupis eximia chloronota Picture
- Flickr Black-chested Mountain-Tanager picture
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cnemathraupis eximia in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . Retrieved November 19, 2011.
- ↑ IOC World Bird List tanagers flowerpiercers & tanager-finches
- ↑ American Museum Novitates No 715 A review of the race of Buthraupis eximia (Boissonneau) (English; PDF; 882 kB)
- ^ Revue zoologique par la Société cuviérienne 1840 p. 66 Oiseaux nouveaux de Santa-Fé de Bogota Tanagra (gros-bec) eximia (French)