Black court
Schwarzer Hof , also called Scheichlhaus , is a building located at Flutergasse 9 in Eisenerz , Styria . It is the manor house at Radwerk 6 and one of the last, almost originally preserved, medieval wheel master houses in Styria. Despite renovations and extensions, its appearance is largely preserved in the style of the Renaissance of the 16th century.
Building description
The three-wing, two-story building surrounds an inner courtyard with arcades on one side over both floors. The arcade width in the basement and upper storey is like 1: 2. Sgraffito decorations can be found both in the inner courtyard and on the outer facades under later layers of plaster, but largely not exposed. An inscription stone with a coat of arms relief from 1589 is walled in above the portal. The name Georg Sheikhl and an inscription from Prosper Tiro of Aquitaine can be read on it:
"Nunquam bella bonis, nunquam certamina desunt
Et, quocum certet, mens pia semper habet."
“The good guys never lack wars, never lack disputes.
And someone always has a pious mind to argue with. "
Ownership history
According to earlier information, the Schwarzer Hof was built at the beginning of the 16th century. However, building researchers have shown by means of plaster layer stairs and soundings at significant points that the oldest building structure dates back to the 15th century. The owners during the first construction phase are not known, nor is it known whether it was already a wheel master’s house at the time. Since 1524 at the latest, the building has been in the possession of Erasmus Haidenreich, a cycling master and imperial bailiff from Innerberg (formerly the name for iron ore). Sebald Püchler later appears as the owner. Around 1549, the property came into the possession of the influential, Protestant family of cycling champions of Wolfgang Scheichl. At the end of this century under the influence of the Reformation , the court belonged to Georg Scheichl, who expanded it into a representative Renaissance building in 1589 .
Since Georg Scheichl was not impressed by the Counter-Reformation and continued to advocate Protestantism , he, like some other cycling masters, was expelled from Eisenerz around 1600. His Catholic successor was Georg Reinprecht. From 1623 he was followed by Karl Schwarz, after whom the farm is still named today. Schwarz only kept the farm for two years, because on October 20, 1625, a new order in the iron industry began as a result of a crisis in the mining industry. All wheel work ownership was compulsorily incorporated and handed over to the Innerberg main union founded by the chamber counts , which was a union under mining law in the sense of a corporation. In 1881 the Innerberger main trade union became part of the Austrian-Alpine Montangesellschaft , and with it the Schwarzer Hof. As part of the mining company, the farm belonged to a subsidiary of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring , the "Reichswerke Aktiengesellschaft für Erzbergbau und Eisenhütten, Hermann Göring" during the Second World War . After the end of the war, ownership of the Schwarzer Hof was transferred to VÖEST , which was nationalized in 1946 and in whose hands it remained until 1978. On January 1, 1979 it was transferred to a subsidiary of VÖEST, the "Gemeinnützige Industrie Wohnungs Ges.mbH Eisenerz" (GIWOG). Until 2002 there were cooperative apartments in the Schwarzer Hof.
In July 2004 the “Association for Research and Preservation of Austrian Building Culture” (Baukulturstiftung) took over the farm and began thorough research and documentation as well as the gentle restoration of the building.
Building history
The first phase of construction
The researchers of the Baukultur Foundation demonstrated in their investigations that the oldest building structure from the 15th century is a three-story core building, as well as an adjoining part with no basement, which essentially makes up today's front to Flutergasse. From the room with no basement there is an exit to the basement, which has been preserved in its original state. The basement is the reason for the shifted number of floors and for different room heights, which brought the rooms on the upper floor back to almost the same level. A window between the two rooms still puzzles the researchers. The nature of the original ceiling construction has not yet been clarified. The currently existing vault, as shown by plaster residue running behind the vault, was only installed later.
Another part of the building was built in the south-east and was extended to the west with a wall, the end of which can no longer be determined. After removing the recent plaster inside this component, several imprints of wooden beams were found in the masonry mortar in one room. The imprints suggest that it is a log work room , a construction technique that was also used in medieval castles and larger secular buildings in order to achieve better thermal insulation. First a wooden structure (blockwork) was built and the outer walls built around it. The impressions found suggest that the mortar has dried on such a block. The prints and other details also show the place where a tiled stove, which is typical for this type of construction and heated from an adjoining room, was probably located. A two-storey farm building was built in the north of the property. It was extended by a courtyard wall to the Erzbach in the west.
The second construction phase
In the first expansion phase, three rooms were added to the south, running west. The south wall of the block workshop was partially replaced. One of the rooms has a pouring stone, which is now chipped off the facade. Such pouring stones were part of late medieval to early modern smoking kitchens . A chimney located to the west of the pouring stone and its original design made it possible to prove that there were smoking kitchens in the basement and first floor. Also in this construction phase, the farm building was enlarged by a single-storey extension, including the courtyard wall.
The third construction phase
The distinctive redesigns during the Renaissance can be attributed to the cycling master Georg Scheichl on the basis of the inscription stone marked 1589. The south wing was again extended by a few rooms to the west. In the courtyard, a portico with a Tuscan column order was built in front of the main wing. In the room of the old main building that does not have a basement and which has a greater ceiling height than the one with a basement, a vault with a central column was drawn in. The south wall of this room was reinforced, presumably because of structural problems. The upper floor received a beam ceiling that shows traces of paint. A through-house was created between the main building and the block workshop, in which a barrel vault was drawn in and a staircase was built. At the latest on the occasion of this renovation, the blockwork was removed and replaced on the ceiling by a wooden beam ceiling with a tram structure, in the middle of which there is a rosette with decorative decorations. The coarse, not whitewashed plastering on the walls suggests that instead of the blockwork, wood paneling was installed (which, in contrast to the blockwork, was not permanently attached to the wall and was a further development). The farm building and the main building were connected to one another in the northeast by means of a gate entrance.
The part of the farm building, which was added during the second construction phase and reaching as far as the Erzbach, was damaged by floods around 1600. The southwest corner and the brook wall were affected, which also caused part of the barrel vault to collapse. The restoration work was used to increase the parallelism of the building walls through a kink in the wall on the courtyard side, which widen slightly towards the stream. Since then, an additional retaining wall has served as a support for the vault in the north.
Further construction phases
During the baroque period , the Schwarzer Hof was extended to the west by a two-aisled horse stable following the south wing. The classicism brought individual partitions and a redesign of the window openings with it. At the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century, simple brick buildings were erected along the stream side in the west. In the middle of the 20th century, the former mansion was converted into a workers' residence by dividing the formerly spacious rooms into smaller units with partition walls.
Restoration and further use
After completion of the building research in 2005, the restoration began, the intention of which is to restore the building to the way it was at the time of the Renaissance by removing later additions such as partition walls and with the help of minimal interventions. Among other things, the roof structure of the main wing was renewed true to the original. In this common on old stitches visible dormers restored. The roof covering, which was no longer in its original state, was replaced by new larch shingles. On the facade, the sgraffiti from different eras are to be freed from the spray plaster of the 20th century, restored and supplemented. The different types of windows are also to be restored, but not changed.
The Baukultur Foundation rules out future use for apartments or guest rooms. No concessions should be made to the building regulations with regard to stairs and floors. Rather, the signs of use should make the history and use of the building understandable and ensure the “building quality beyond fashionable allure”.
swell
- Jürgen Moravi: Discovery of a building. (PDF; 840 kB) Accessed December 20, 2012 .
- The Schwarzer Hof in Eisenerz. Retrieved December 20, 2012 .
- Kurt Woisetschläger , Peter Krenn : The art monuments of Austria. Dehio-Handbuch Steiermark: (excluding Graz) . Ed .: Federal Monuments Office . Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-7031-0532-1 , p. 88-89 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Aurelius Prudentius Clemens, Faustino Arévalo: Carmina, Volume 2 . 1789, p. 584 ( Google Books ).
Web links
Coordinates: 47 ° 32 '23.2 " N , 14 ° 53' 15.4" E