Black ball ladybug
| Black ball ladybug | ||||||||||||
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Black ball ladybug ( Stethorus punctillum ) |
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| Stethorus punctillum | ||||||||||||
| Way , 1891 |
The Black Ball Ladybug ( Stethorus punctillum syn. Stethorus pusillus ) is a beetle from the family of ladybugs (Coccinellidae).
features
Like all species of the subfamily Scymninae , the black ball ladybirds belong to the smallest species of ladybirds. They are only 1.2 to 1.5 millimeters long and have a spherical body that is completely black in color. The short antennae, the mouthparts and the tarsi are yellowish.
Occurrence
The black ball ladybug is found all over Europe. He is the only Central European representative of the genus Stethorus . It lives on shrubs and deciduous trees , especially on the underside of the leaves of linden trees . It is not uncommon and has been proven in all German federal states.
Way of life
The adults and larvae only eat spider mites , which is why they only have single-pointed mandibles to suck them out . The black ball ladybug is used in greenhouses for biological pest control against the common spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae ), but also against the introduced carmine spider mite ( Tetranychus cinnabarinus ). Predatory mites , which can also be used to combat spider mites, are not attacked by the black ball ladybug.
The females lay 4–12 about 0.4 millimeter long white-gray eggs per day. The newly hatched gray larvae are only 1.5 millimeters long. There are two generations per year (bivoltinism), a second overwintering can occur.
During her entire life, which lasts up to two years, a female eats 20 to 40 spider mites per day. The larvae eat around 240 spider mites in the 10 to 20 days that pass from hatching to pupation. They pupate mostly on the underside of the leaf, along the leaf veins. The pupil rest lasts 6 to 7 days.
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.insekten-sachsen.de/Pages/TaxonomyBrowser.aspx?id=455175
- ↑ a b Bernhard and Hertha Klausnitzer: Ladybirds . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei Volume 451, Westarp Wissenschaften, 4th edition, Magdeburg 1997, pages 80, 83f., 87, 91 and 93
- ^ Bernhard and Hertha Klausnitzer: Ladybirds . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei Volume 451, Westarp Sciences, 4th edition, Magdeburg 1997, page 106f.
- ^ Bernhard and Hertha Klausnitzer: Ladybirds . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei Volume 451, Westarp Wissenschaften, 4th edition, Magdeburg 1997, page 63
- ^ Bernhard and Hertha Klausnitzer: Ladybirds . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei Volume 451, Westarp Wissenschaften, 4th edition, Magdeburg 1997, page 118
- ↑ Jana Pöhle, Barbara Jäckel and Hans-Peter Plate: Research results on spider mite control in interior greenery and under glass with Stethorus punctillum (Weise). Healthy plants, 54, 7, Springer, October 2002 doi: 10.1046 / j.1439-0345.2002.00227.x (German)
- ↑ M. Arbabi and J. Singh: Biology of Stethorus punctillum, a potential predator of Tetranychus ludeni. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection, 3, pp. 95–100, 2008 full text ( memento of the original of July 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 975 kB)
literature
- Karl Wilhelm Harde and Frantisek Severa: The Kosmos Käferführer. The Central European beetle. Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-06959-1
Web links
- Stethorus pusillus at Fauna Europaea
- Stethorus pusillus pictures and description (Dutch)