Blackback tamarin
| Blackback tamarin | ||||||||||||
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Black- backed tamarin ( Leontocebus nigricollis ) |
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| Leontocebus nigricollis | ||||||||||||
| ( Spix , 1823) |
The black- backed tamarin ( Leontocebus nigricollis , Syn . : Saguinus nigricollis ) is a species of primate from the marmoset family (Callitrichidae).
features
Black-backed tamarins reach a head body length of around 22 centimeters, plus a 35 centimeter long tail. Their weight is around 390 to 480 grams. Their fur is predominantly black in color, including their heads, limbs and tail. The rear part of the trunk, however, is reddish, the snout is white-gray in color. As with all marmosets, the fingers and toes (with the exception of the big toe) have claws instead of nails.
Distribution, habitat and subspecies
Black-backed tamarins live in the northwest of the Amazon basin in South America . The distribution area is in southern Colombia , northern Peru and in the extreme northwest of Brazil , but the boundaries are not exactly known. Their habitat is forests, although they prefer forest forms with dense undergrowth.
A distinction is made between three subspecies, which differ slightly in their fur color.
- Leontocebus nigricollis nigricollis , between Río Putumayo , Río Napo and the Amazon
- the Rio Napo tamarin or Graells tamarin ( Leontocebus nigricollis graellsi ), on the upper Río Caquetá and upper Río Putumayo to the northern bank of the Río Napo
- Leontocebus nigricollis hernandezi , in the Colombian Meta department between Río Caquetá and the Cordillera Oriental (eastern mountain range of the Andes)
Way of life
Like all marmosets, these primates are diurnal; at night they sleep in the vegetation. They are tree dwellers who move on all fours, but can also jump well. They live in groups of 2 to 8 (sometimes up to 15) animals, groups are composed of several males and females as well as their young animals. Aggressive behavior can hardly be observed within a group. Groups inhabit fixed areas of 30 to 50 hectares.
The diet of these animals consists mainly of insects and fruits, but they also eat other plant material such as seeds, flowers and nectar.
Reproduction
Only the dominant female reproduces within a group, ovulation of the other females is suppressed. The dominant female reproduces with all males in the group ( polyandry ). Most fraternal twins are born after around 140 days. Mainly the males take care of the young (sometimes also the other females), they carry them and give them to the mother only to suckle. Weaning begins at one month, and sexual maturity occurs at the end of the second year of life.
Life expectancy is up to 14 years.
Danger
In parts of their distribution area, blackback tamarins are threatened by deforestation, but overall the species is widespread and, according to the IUCN, is considered "not endangered" ( least concern ).
literature
- Thomas Geissmann : Comparative Primatology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin et al. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6 .
- Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 3rd edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
Individual evidence
- ^ AB Rylands & RA Mittermeier: Family Callitrichidae (Marmosets and Tamarins). Page 323 in Russell A. Mittermeier , Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson : Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Primates: 3rd ISBN 978-8496553897
Web links
- Saguinus nigricollis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: Rylands, AB & Mitter Meier, RA, 2008. Accessed January 16 of 2009.
- Information at Animal Diversity Web
- Information at theprimata.com