Leontocebus
| Leontocebus | ||||||||||||
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Black- coated tamarin ( Leontocebus weddelli weddelli ) in the Peruvian Tambopata National Reserve |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Leontocebus | ||||||||||||
| Wagner , 1839 |
Leontocebus is a genus of primate in the marmoset family. The genus includes ten species that live in the western Amazon basin. The distribution area lies between the Andes in the west, the Río Putumayo in the north and Rio Madeira , Río Mamoré and Rio Guaporé in the east and south. Together with the genus Saguinus , the genus Leontocebus forms the group of tamarins , which consists of a total of 22 species.
features
Leontocebus species are usually smaller than the tamarins of the genus Saguinus ; the animals reach weights of 290 to 480 g, while Saguinus species weigh between 400 and 530 g. The skin of the face, nasal mirror , ears and genitals of the Leontocebus species are black. The cheeks and top of the head show a thick, long hair growth, around the mouth the hair is white. Adult animals have no conspicuous vibrissae . The ears are only sparsely hairy, are not hidden by tufts of hair and are therefore easily visible. The color of the back, which in most cases is piebald or marbled, is usually clearly different from the color of the shoulder. Aside from the base, the tail is often uniformly dark in color and is never patterned.
Way of life
Leontocebus species also differ from the Saguinus species in terms of their habitat, movement and foraging. They live more in the layer of the low trees and in bushes and often move jumping between more or less vertical branches, while the Saguinus species live in higher tree regions and walk and run more on all fours on more horizontally oriented branches. The Leontocebus species are primarily looking for animal prey that lives hidden in knotholes, crevices in tree bark or in the funnels of bromeliads . In addition, their hands are longer and narrower than those of the Saguinus species. The latter tend to feed on relatively conspicuous arthropods that they catch in the foliage. Since the Leontocebus species and the Saguinus species of the mystax group, which occur sympatric in the same distribution area, occupy different ecological niches, they can occur in associated groups that move close together without competing directly with one another for food.
| Cladogram of the genus Leontocebus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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species
- Leontocebus cruzlimai (Hershkovitz, 1966)
- Brown-backed tamarin ( Leontocebus fuscicollis )
- Brown saddleback tamarin ( Leontocebus fuscus )
- Black-headed tamarin ( Leontocebus illigeri )
- Red shoulder tamarin ( Leontocebus lagonotus )
- Andean saddleback tamarin ( Leontocebus leucogenys )
- Black -backed tamarin ( Leontocebus nigricollis ), with the Rio Napo tamarin ( L. nigricollis graellsi ) as a subspecies
- Black- fronted tamarin ( Leontocebus nigrifrons )
- Gold-mantled tamarin ( Leontocebus tripartitus )
- Black- coat tamarin ( Leontocebus weddelli ), with the white-coat tamarin ( L. weddelli melanoleucus ) as a subspecies
Systematics
All ten Leontocebus species belonged to the genus Saguinus until April 2016 , Leontocebus cruzlimai as a subspecies of the brown-backed tamarin ( S. fuscicollis ), and there formed the nigricollis species group, which stood opposite all other Saguinus species as a basal sister group . Since the line that led to the nigricollis group separated from the other Saguinus groups around 11 to 8 million years ago, the animals also differ ecologically from the other Saguinus groups and appear sympathetically with tamarins of the mystax group, it was assigned to an independent genus in April 2016. Leontocebus was chosen as the generic name . The genus Leontocebus was introduced in 1839 by the German zoologist Johann Andreas Wagner .
literature
- Anthony B. Rylands, Eckhard W. Heymann, Jessica Lynch Alfaro, Janet C. Buckner, Christian Roos, Christian Matauschek, Jean P. Boubli, Ricardo Sampaio and Russell A. Mittermeier: Taxonomic Review of the New World Tamarins (Primates: Callitrichidae) . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2016 DOI: 10.1111 / zoj.12386
Individual evidence
- ^ Christian Matauschek, Christian Roos and Eckhard W. Heymann: Mitochondrial Phylogeny of Tamarins ( Saguinus , Hoffmannsegg 1807) with Taxonomic and Biogeographic Implications for the S. nigricollis Species Group. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 144, 2014, pp. 564-574
- ↑ Ricardo Sampaio, Fábio Röhe, Gabriela Pinho, José de Sousa e Silva-Júnior, Izeni Pires Farias and Anthony B. Rylands: Re-description and Assessment of the Taxonomic Status of Saguinus fuscicollis cruzlimai Hershkovitz, 1966 (Primates, Callitrichinae). Primates 56 (2), 2015, pp. 131-144. DOI: 10.1007 / s10329-015-0458-2
- ↑ Janet C. Buckner, Jessica Lynch Alfaro, Anthony B. Rylands, and Michael E. Alfaro: Biogeography of the marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 82 (B), 2015, pp. 413-425 DOI: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2014.04.031
- ↑ Johann Andreas Wagner: The mammals in illustrations according to nature with descriptions by Dr. Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber. Supplement volume 1: The monkeys and bats. Erlangen: Palm'sche Verlagbuchhandlung, 1839