Black-red Spei-blubber
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Black-red Spei-deaf ( Russula atrorubens ) |
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| Russula atrorubens | ||||||||||||
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The very hot-tasting and therefore inedible black- and- red Spei-Täubling ( Russula atrorubens ) is a mushroom from the family of Täubling relatives . It is a purple-red, in the middle almost black-capped blubber with white spore powder, which can be found in humid, acidic mountain coniferous forests from late July to early November.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 5-8 cm wide and more or less purple in color. The middle is dark purple-black or purple-brown, the edge carmine-pink zoned. Sometimes the hat is colored dirty olive green between the middle and the edge. The edge is translucent and hardly grooved. The hat skin is silky and shiny and half peelable.
The fragile slats are quite distant. They are first white then pale cream in color and have a very pungent taste. The spore powder is white ( Ia after Romagesi ).
The stem is 3-6 long and 0.6-1.5 cm wide, and is quite firm. It is slightly club-shaped and white, sometimes tinged with pink. At the base of the stem it can turn a little yellowish to yellowish brown in older fruiting bodies.
The rather brittle flesh is white and has a slight fruit odor, as is typical of the Emetica / Fragilis complex. Sometimes the smell is reminiscent of nail polish ( amyl acetate ) or bananas. The taste is clearly sharp. The guaiac reaction is strongly positive, with iron sulfate the meat turns pale orange.
Microscopic features
The egg-shaped, sometimes more elongated elliptical spores are 6.5-8 (9) µm long and 5-6.5 µm wide and ornamented with warty to pustular ornamentation. The hemispherical warts, up to 0.62 µm high, are very finely interrupted, network-like and only connected in places with burrs. The apiculus measures 0.75-1 × 0.87-1 µm. The hilly spot is indistinct, irregular and only weakly amyloid .
The basidia are 34-45- (50) µm long and (7.2) -8.5-10 µm wide and mostly four-pore and only rarely two-pore. The cystids are 50-85 sometimes up to 100 µm long and (6.7) -8.2-10 µm wide, spindle-shaped or bulbous and conspicuously appendiculated . They turn black in sulfovanillin.
In the cap skin there are numerous cylindrical to bluntly clubbed, 8-10 µm wide pileocystids that are 0-3-fold septate and turn gray to blackish in color in sulfovanillin. The hyphal end cells are slender, 2-3 µm wide, uniform or convoluted.
ecology
The Schwarzrote Spei-Täubling is like all deaflings a mycorrhizal fungus , which preferably enters into a partnership with conifers, mostly spruce and Scots pine . It is disputed whether it can also enter into a symbiotic relationship with deciduous trees.
The Täubling is found in acidic mixed oak forests, cranberry-fir forests , in more humid alpine lettuce-spruce forests and spruce or pine bog forests , but also in appropriately moist pine and spruce forests.
The black and red Spei-Täubling occurs especially in swampy, moist locations. It usually prefers heavy, clayey and more acidic (pH 3.0-5.6) soils, but also occurs on sand, peat and tendrils .
distribution
The Schwarzrote Spei-Täubling is a purely European species that was otherwise only found in Morocco.
In Germany the Täubling is widespread from the North and Baltic Sea coasts to the Alps, but in many federal states it is very rare or completely absent. In the south, the Täubling is mainly found in the mountainous region.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The black and red Spei-Täubling is placed by M. Bon in the subsection Atropurpurinae . The species in this group all have different colored, purple, violet or reddish hats, but never pure red hats. They all taste more or less hot and have white spore powder.
meaning
Because of its very pungent taste, the black-and-red Spei-Täubling is inedible and at least slightly poisonous, at least in the raw state, like all deafnesses from the Atropurpurinae subsection .
literature
- Russula atrorubens. In: Partial Russula species database of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . Retrieved on February 6, 2014 (English, spore drawing and tabular listing of the macro- and microscopic features (based on H. Romagnesis "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" )).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Russula atrorubens. In: Speciesfungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved March 25, 2011 .
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 72 .
- ↑ a b c Russula atrorubens. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 26 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved August 31, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
- ^ H. Romagnesi: Russula atrorubens. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed March 25, 2011 (French).
- ↑ a b Russula atrorubens. Pilzoek database, accessed March 25, 2011 .
- ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter: Russula atrorubens. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 4, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula atrorubens. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Karel Tejkal: www.myko.cz/myko-atlas -Russula atrorubens. In: www.myko.cz. Retrieved February 6, 2016 (cz).
- ^ Worldwide distribution of Russula atrorubens. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved September 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula atrorubens. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved September 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula atrorubens. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 4, 2012 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula atrorubens. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved February 6, 2016 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 4, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula Part 5: Edible pigeons. In: The Tintling . 95, edition 4/2015, pp. 29–38.
Web links
- Russula atrorubens. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed on February 6, 2014 (English, photos and original French diagnosis).
- Bluebird of the week # 22 | : Black-red Spei-blubber. In: pilzepilze.de. 2011, accessed on May 27, 2011 (good photos of Russula atrorubens , which show the fungus in all its variety).
- Black-red Spei-blubber. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on February 6, 2014 (Italian, photos from Schwarzroten Spei-Täubling).