Blacktail sylph

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Blacktail sylph
Black-tailed Trainbearer (Lesbia victoriae) .jpg

Blacktail sylph ( Lesbia victoriae )

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Sylph ( Lesbia )
Type : Blacktail sylph
Scientific name
Lesbia Victoriae
( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846)

The black-tailed trainbearer ( Lesbia victoriae ) or sometimes Schwarzschwanzlesbia is a species of bird in the family of hummingbirds (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that covers about 170,000 square kilometers in the South American countries of Colombia , Ecuador, and Peru . The IUCN classifies the population as “not at risk” ( least concern ).

features

The male black-tailed sylph reaches a body length of about 25 centimeters, while the female is only about 14 centimeters tall. The black, relatively short beak becomes about 15 millimeters long. The male is shimmering green with a glittering collar. The rear part of the lower part is yellow-brown. The very long, fanned black tail becomes 16.5 inches long. The tail feathers are decorated with bronze-green speckles. The top of the female is bronze green. The color of the lower part varies between white and yellow-white. It is adorned with thick green spots. A small, asymmetrical, orange spot can be found on the neck. But this can hardly be seen in the field. The tail is similar to that of the male. However, it is a bit smaller at just 8.5 centimeters.

Habitat

The bird can often be found in bushy pastureland, in ravines and under scrub near the tree line. The bird also feels at home in hedges, on eucalyptus , on polylepis and in open páramo . It can be found at altitudes between 1700 and 3600 meters. Seasonally he changes the habitat .

behavior

The hummingbird is very active. In doing so, he defends his territory extremely aggressively. He hovers in front of the blossoms, which are in an area from eye level to the crown area of ​​the trees. If the male sees a female, he chases her away with a widely spread tail, which in flight resembles the sound of a canvas blowing in the wind. The breeding season is from June to August.

Subspecies

Distribution area of ​​the black-tailed sylph

So far, three subspecies are known:

  • Lesbia victoriae berlepschi ( Hellmayr , 1915)
  • Lesbia victoriae juliae ( Hartert , 1899)
  • Lesbia victoriae victoriae ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846)

The subspecies victoriae is found in the Andes in northeastern Colombia. There they are available from northern Santander to Bogotá . They can also be found in the Andes Nariños and in Ecuador. The subspecies juliae is native to the Andes of northern and central Peru. Finally, the subspecies berlepschi can be observed in the Andes of southeastern Peru .

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier and Étienne Mulsant described the black-tailed sylph under the name Trochilus Victoriæ . Later the species was assigned to the genus Lesbia Lesson , 1833. Lesson introduced the new genus, the species Lesbia nuna Lesson , in 1833. This word is derived from the Greek »Lesbias λεσβιας « for »women from Lesbos«. The species name is Mulsant's mother Marie-Anne-Victoire geb. Dedicated to Jacquetton. With »berlepschi«, Carl Eduard Hellmayr honored Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch (1850–1915) from whose collection the type specimen came. »Juliae« is a dedication for Countess Julia Branicka, geb. Potocka (1854–1921), wife of Count Władysław Michał Pius Branicki (1848–1914). Hans Graf von Berlepsch and Jan Sztolcman had already mentioned the name in 1896 without a description. So it fell to Ernst Hartert to provide the first description of the type specimen.

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty , William Leroy Brown : A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 0-691-08371-1 , pp. 291 ( books.google.de ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier, Étienne Mulsant: Description of vingt espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches . In: Annales des sciences physiques et naturelles, d'agriculture et d'industrie . tape 9 , 1846, pp. 312-332 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Ernst Hartert: Further notes on Humming-birds . In: Novitates Zoologicae . tape 6 , 1899, pp. 72-75 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 27, 2014]).
  • Carl Eduard Hellmayr: New forms from the neotropical area . In: Negotiations of the Ornithological Society in Bavaria . tape 12 , no. 3 , 1899, pp. 206-214 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 27, 2014]).
  • René-Primevère Lesson : Les trochilidées ou Les colibris et les oiseaux-mouches: suivis d'un index général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre trochilus . Delivery 12. A. Bertrand, Paris 1833 ( gallica.bnf.fr [accessed April 27, 2014]).
  • Arnould Locard: Étienne Mulsant, sa vie, ses œuvres . In: Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences, belles-lettres & arts de Lyon. Class des sciences . tape 25 , December 20, 1881, pp. 259-309 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed April 27, 2014]).
  • Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch, Jan Sztolcman: On the Ornithological Research of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru . In: Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1896 . tape 12 , no. 3 , 1896, p. 322-388 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 27, 2014]).
  • Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch, Jan Sztolcman: On the Ornithological Research of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru . In: Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1902 vol II . tape 2 , 1902, pp. 18-60 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed May 27, 2014]).

Web links

Commons : Black-tailed Sylph ( Lesbia victoriae )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Steven Leon Hilty, p. 291
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds.
  3. Carl Eduard Hellmayr, p. 210.
  4. a b Ernst Hartert, p. 75.
  5. a b Jules Bourcier u. a., p. 312, plate 11.
  6. René Primevère Lesson, p. Xvj.
  7. James A. Jobling p. 222
  8. Jules Bourcier et al. a., p. 313
  9. ^ Arnould Locard, p. 261.
  10. Carl Eduard Hellmayr, p. 212.
  11. Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch (1902), p. 28.
  12. ^ Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch (1896), p. 323.