Smolder
Smoldering , moths (Swiss), coking or glowing is the name given to incomplete combustion when there is insufficient oxygen supply and therefore low combustion temperature .
Typical cases of smoldering fires are forms of smoking in heating technology and waste incineration (as long as it is not soot or steam ), the burning of incense (herbs, incense , cannabis, etc.) or tobacco smoking .
hazards
As a result, pyrolysis produces flammable gases and vapors as well as unburned or partially burned secondary products, many of which are highly toxic or carcinogenic . The toxic and extremely flammable carbon monoxide (CO) is a well-known and notorious fire product of carbon . Complete combustion with sufficient oxygen supply would produce carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which is asphyxiating, but not as toxic as CO and is also non-flammable.
If a fire smoulders unnoticed for a long time in a closed room or building and all the requirements for burning are otherwise met, it can occur if there is access to oxygen, e.g. B. a bursting window or a suddenly opened door, smoke ignition or even smoke gas explosion .
In coal seam fires , the embers , exhaust gases and subsidence can cause considerable damage to the environment.
Smoldering fires can be caused by cable fires in improperly executed electrical installations . During hot work , flames and sparks in dust or joints can cause long-lasting smoldering fires.
Technical use
Technically, smoldering is carried out in the charcoal factory (the production of charcoal or the production of coke or grude as well as the exploitation of oil sands ). Due to the low temperature, fractionation is achieved and essentially a higher-quality fuel in the form of charcoal, coke or tar oil is produced.
Individual evidence
- ↑ BMI Austria / Austrian Federal Fire Brigade Association: BRANDSCHUTZRATGEBER Accessed : January 16, 2014.